1. Traduzione e Ideologia nella comunicazione internazionale Prof. Elena Di Giovanni Corso di Laurea Magistrale in Lingue Moderne per la Comunicazione e Cooperazione Internazionale LM38

2. Aims of the course  Take you beyond words (?)  Analyse and translate ‘dense’ texts  Understand different viewpoints, different approaches to the same reality (action, event, etc.)  Play with words: translate, rewrite, subvert, turn written texts into speeches, etc.

3. Materials  Book Oltre l’Occidente. Traduzione e Alterità Culturale. Milano, Bompiani, 2009 (compulsory)  Photocopies (at the shop)  Notes!!! Very important

4. What you should always do…  Understand who the sender and receiver(s) of a text are (AUDIENCE)  Ask yourselves what the PURPOSE of a text is (source text and target text)  Analyse the context of PRODUCTION and RECEPTION of texts (ST and TT)  Identify MODES OF TRANSMISSION (of ST and TT)

5. What I will ask you to do…  Take part in classroom activities  Read all texts I will assign  Prepare presentations  Do all translations  Does this sound too strict?

6. Back to the start  IDEOLOGY  TRANSLATION  How can they be related?

7. Key words for this course:  Ideology  Language(s)  Translation  Power  Identity  Colonialism  Culture / Crosscultural communication  Politics / Policy  Religion  Persuasionmore?

8. Definitions  Ideology: a system of ideas or way of thinking pertaining to a class or individual, esp. as a basis for some economic or political theory or system, regarded as justifying actions and especially to be maintained irrespective of events. (OED)

9. Definitions II  An ideology is a set of aims and ideas that directs one's goals, expectations, and actions. An ideology can be thought of as a comprehensive vision, as a way of looking at things, as in common sense and several philosophical tendencies, or a set of ideas proposed by the dominant class of a society to all members of this society. The main purpose behind an ideology is to offer change in society, and adherence to a set of ideals where conformity already exists, through a normative thought process. Ideologies are systems of abstract thought (as opposed to mere ideation) applied to public matters and thus make this concept central to politics. Implicitly every political tendency entails an ideology whether or not it is propounded as an explicit system of thought.ideasphilosophicalideation

10. Ideology in society  Every society has an ideology that forms the basis of the "public opinion" or common sense, a basis that usually remains invisible to most people within the society. This prevailing ideology appears as "neutral", all others differ from the norm and are often seen as radical, no matter what the actual vision may be. The philosopher Michel Foucault first wrote about this concept of apparent ideological neutrality. Organisations that strive for power influence the ideology of a society to become what they want it to be. Political organisations (governments included) and other groups (e.g. lobbyists) try to influence people by broadcasting their opinions, which is the reason why so often many people in a society seem to "think alike".

11. Research on ideology and related concepts:  Althusser and his idea of ideology  Gramsci and the concept of hegemony

12. An example… Palestine vs Israel Palestine (3-10.10) http://english.wafa.ps/?action=detail&id=14841 Israel (4.10.10) http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/police- mishandled-probe-into-israeli-arab-riot-deaths- report-finds-1.316999

13. And some more… Who wants peace?  http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticleNew.asp?xfile=/ data/middleeast/2010/October/middleeast_October47.xml&se ction=middleeast http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticleNew.asp?xfile=/ data/middleeast/2010/October/middleeast_October47.xml&se ction=middleeast  http://article.wn.com/view/2010/10/04/bury_the_peace/ http://article.wn.com/view/2010/10/04/bury_the_peace/  http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Netanyahu-proposes-direct- peace-talks-every-two-weeks-19293.html http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Netanyahu-proposes-direct- peace-talks-every-two-weeks-19293.html

14. A few tips…  Always look for parallel texts (for the purpose of this course, you need parallel texts but also texts displaying opposing views)  Always look for: PURPOSE / AUTHOR / TARGET AUDIENCE / MODE OF TRANSMISSION  Always draw up an analysis of the ST in your mind.

15. Next week  SCIENTOLOGY Read Introduction to Scientology and following pages.  TRANSLATE http://english.wafa.ps/?action=detail&id=14841 up to “event to the military police's attention.” Pay attention to coherence and fluency of the TT.  Read essay “Cosa significa traduzione oggi” and be ready for questions/discussion.