1. Meteorology 415 Fall 2012 Contest 2 City 1 – RAP October 16, 2012

2. Rapid City, South Dakota

3. Rapid City, SD -Observations KRAP 161752Z 18015KT 10SM CLR 21/03 A2951 RMK AO2 SLP975 T02060028 10211 20044 58047= KRAP 161752Z 18015KT 10SM CLR 21/03 A2951= KRAP 161852Z 18016KT 10SM CLR 21/02 A2946 RMK AO2 SLP955 T02060022= KRAP 161852Z 18016KT 10SM CLR 21/02 A2946= KRAP 161952Z 21011KT 10SM FEW120 22/01 A2941 RMK AO2 SLP943 T02170006= KRAP 162052Z 29005KT 10SM OVC110 21/01 A2938 RMK AO2 SLP937 T02060011 56038= KRAP 162052Z 29005KT 10SM OVC110 21/01 A2938= KRAP 162152Z 11003KT 10SM FEW048 SCT075 BKN090 19/02 A2936 RMK AO2 RAB24E35 SLP928 P0000 T01940022= KRAP 162152Z 11003KT 10SM FEW048 SCT075 BKN090 19/02 A2936= KRAP 162252Z 36011KT 10SM OVC100 19/03 A2936 RMK AO2 RAB36E50 SLP931 P0000 T01890033= KRAP 162252Z 36011KT 10SM OVC100 19/03 A2936= KRAP 162352Z 34003KT 10SM OVC095 17/04 A2935 RMK AO2 RAB2254E04 SLP933 P0000 60000 T01670044 10217 20167 56011= KRAP 162352Z 34003KT 10SM OVC095 17/04 A2935=

4. Rapid City, SD -Observations KRAP 162352Z 34003KT 10SM OVC095 17/04 A2935 RMK AO2 RAB2254E04 SLP933 P0000 60000 T01670044 10217 20167 56011= KRAP 162352Z 34003KT 10SM OVC095 17/04 A2935= KRAP 170052Z 34020KT 10SM -RA BKN070 OVC090 13/09 A2939 RMK AO2 PK WND 34032/0016 RAB04 SLP949 P0000 T01280094= KRAP 170052Z 34020KT 10SM -RA BKN070 OVC090 13/09 A2939= KRAP 170152Z 31027G34KT 9SM -RA BKN060 OVC070 12/08 A2944 RMK AO2 PK WND 31034/0151 SLP969 P0003 T01170078= KRAP 170152Z 31027G34KT 9SM -RA BKN060 OVC070 12/08 A2944= KRAP 170252Z 30012G20KT 10SM -RA OVC050 09/07 A2947 RMK AO2 PK WND 30040/0158 SLP977 P0008 60011 T00940072 51038 $= KRAP 170252Z 30012G20KT 10SM -RA OVC050 09/07 A2947= KRAP 170352Z 30014KT 10SM SCT075 OVC090 10/06 A2947 RMK AO2 RAE48 SLP971 P0001 T01000056 $= KRAP 170352Z 30014KT 10SM SCT075 OVC090 10/06 A2947= KRAP 170452Z AUTO 29007KT 10SM FEW065 SCT090 OVC110 10/06 A2949 RMK AO2 RAB02E17 SLP972 P0000 T01000061 $= KRAP 170452Z AUTO 29007KT 10SM FEW065 SCT090 OVC110 10/06 A2949= KRAP 170552Z AUTO 32019G24KT 10SM CLR 10/03 A2951 RMK AO2 SLP980 60012 T01000033 10172 20094 53013 $= KRAP 170552Z AUTO 32019G24KT 10SM CLR 10/03 A2951=

5. Rapid City, SD -Observations KRAP 170552Z AUTO 32019G24KT 10SM CLR 10/03 A2951 RMK AO2 SLP980 60012 T01000033 10172 20094 53013 $= KRAP 170552Z AUTO 32019G24KT 10SM CLR 10/03 A2951= KRAP 170652Z AUTO 32019KT 10SM CLR 10/M03 A2954 RMK AO2 PK WND 31029/0621 SLP991 T01001028 402170044 $= KRAP 170652Z AUTO 32019KT 10SM CLR 10/M03 A2954= KRAP 170752Z AUTO 32023G35KT 10SM CLR 09/M05 A2957 RMK AO2 PK WND 31037/0741 SLP998 T00941050 $= KRAP 170752Z AUTO 32023G35KT 10SM CLR 09/M05 A2957= KRAP 170852Z AUTO 30017G27KT 10SM CLR 08/M04 A2957 RMK AO2 PK WND 30036/0831 SLP001 T00831039 51017 $= KRAP 170852Z AUTO 30017G27KT 10SM CLR 08/M04 A2957= KRAP 170952Z AUTO 31022G43KT 10SM CLR 09/M04 A2957 RMK AO2 PK WND 31043/0944 SLP003 T00891039 $= KRAP 170952Z AUTO 31022G43KT 10SM CLR 09/M04 A2957= KRAP 171052Z AUTO 33022G49KT 10SM OVC060 08/M03 A2960 RMK AO2 PK WND 32049/1045 SLP013 T00831028 $= KRAP 171052Z AUTO 33022G49KT 10SM OVC060 08/M03 A2960= KRAP 171105Z AUTO 32031G53KT 10SM SQ BKN060 08/M02 A2960 RMK AO2 PK WND 32053/1100 $= KRAP 171105Z AUTO 32031G53KT 10SM SQ BKN060 08/M02 A2960= KRAP 171152Z 31037G44KT 10SM CLR 05/00 A2963 RMK AO2 PK WND 32053/1100 SLP029 70012 T00500000 10106 20050 53018 $= KRAP 171152Z 31037G44KT 10SM CLR 05/00 A2963=

6. Rapid City, SD -Observations KRAP 171152Z 31037G44KT 10SM CLR 05/00 A2963 RMK AO2 PK WND 32053/1100 SLP029 70012 T00500000 10106 20050 53018 $= KRAP 171152Z 31037G44KT 10SM CLR 05/00 A2963= KRAP 171252Z 31036G47KT 10SM OVC110 08/M04 A2961 RMK AO2 PK WND 31047/1245 SLP026 T00781039 $= KRAP 171252Z 31036G47KT 10SM OVC110 08/M04 A2961= KRAP 171352Z 32037G47KT 10SM FEW120 08/M04 A2961 RMK AO2 PK WND 31053/1327 SLP028 T00781044= KRAP 171352Z 32037G47KT 10SM FEW120 08/M04 A2961= KRAP 171452Z 32034G50KT 10SM CLR 08/M06 A2965 RMK AO2 PK WND 32054/1358 SLP042 T00831061 53006= KRAP 171452Z 32034G50KT 10SM CLR 08/M06 A2965= KRAP 171552Z 32038G48KT 10SM CLR 09/M06 A2967 RMK AO2 PK WND 32057/1534 SLP048 T00941061= KRAP 171552Z 32038G48KT 10SM CLR 09/M06 A2967= KRAP 171652Z 32032G44KT 10SM SCT075 10/M06 A2970 RMK AO2 PK WND 32046/1610 SLP058 T01001061= KRAP 171652Z 32032G44KT 10SM SCT075 10/M06 A2970= KRAP 171752Z 33034G46KT 10SM SCT080 10/M07 A2971 RMK AO2 PK WND 32046/1749 SLP063 T01001067 10106 20056 51021=

7. Rapid City, SD– Surface Map

8. Rapid City, SD – Upper Air Pattern

9. Rapid City, SD – Satellite

10. Rapid City, SD– Radar

11. Rapid City, SD – Guidance

12. Verification

13. Survey Path Scores

14. Career Path Scores

15. Up Close and Personal

16. Lessons Learned: RAP Remarkably, the air became more moist behind the front – particularly due to the anabatic structure of the front. Strong winds take a while to mix down, though the dynamic forcing of downsloping from the Black Hills are independent to time of day.

17. L.F Wade Intl Airport - Bermuda

18. Bermuda- Observations TXKF 161755Z 06012KT 9999 -RA BKN023 BKN050 OVC080 24/20 Q1004= TXKF 161855Z 04012KT 8000 -RA BKN016 BKN050 OVC080 24/21 Q1003 /= TXKF 161925Z 04015KT 6000 RA BKN013 BKN050 OVC080 24/22 Q1002= TXKF 161955Z 05016KT 3200 RA BR BKN013 OVC050 24/23 Q1001 TXKF 162036Z 07024KT 4800 RA BKN009 BKN033 OVC050 22/20 Q1001= TXKF 162055Z 06020KT 6000 -RA BKN009 BKN026 OVC056 22/20 Q1000= TXKF 162115Z 04020KT 4400 RA BKN009 BKN021 OVC054 22/20 Q1000 RMK BKN009 V SCT= TXKF 162124Z 05023G34KT 1600 RA BKN009 BKN017 OVC054 22/20 Q1000= TXKF 162138Z 04023G33KT 2400 RA BKN009 BKN017 OVC057 21/18 Q0999= TXKF 162155Z 04023G34KT 2400 RA SCT008 BKN019 OVC046 21/19 Q0999 RMK SCT008 V BKN= TXKF 162209Z 04023G34KT 4000 RA SCT008 BKN017 OVC049 21/20 Q0998= TXKF 162239Z 02024G36KT 4800 -RA BKN008 BKN028 OVC050 22/20 Q0998 RMK BKN008 V SCT= TXKF 162255Z 03027G38KT 4400 -RA BKN008 BKN028 OVC054 22/20 Q0998= TXKF 162308Z 03027G39KT 4800 -RA SCT008 BKN019 OVC058 21/20 Q0998= TXKF 162327Z 02027G38KT 4400 RA SCT008 BKN017 OVC047 22/21 Q0997= TXKF 162355Z 02030G44KT 4000 RA BKN008 BKN016 OVC048 22/20 Q0997=

19. Bermuda- Observations TXKF 162355Z 02030G44KT 4000 RA BKN008 BKN016 OVC048 22/20 Q0997= TXKF 170041Z 01026G44KT 6000 -RA BKN008 BKN017 OVC053 22/21 Q0996 RERA= TXKF 170055Z 02025G35KT 8000 -RA BKN008 BKN019 OVC056 22/21 Q0996 RERA= TXKF 170155Z 34028G41KT 9000 -RA BKN009 OVC020 23/21 Q0996= TXKF 170155Z 34028G41KT 9000 -RA BKN009 OVC020 23/21 Q0996 /= TXKF 170255Z 33026G37KT 9999 BKN011 BKN021 OVC045 24/21 Q0997= TXKF 170317Z 33026G37KT 9999 SCT014 BKN023 BKN050 OVC180 24/20 Q0997= TXKF 170355Z 32023KT 9999 SCT015 BKN023 BKN041 BKN300 24/20 Q0997 /= TXKF 170455Z 31021KT 9999 SCT017 BKN028 BKN040 BKN300 24/21 Q0999= TXKF 170531Z 30024KT 9999 SCT018 BKN040 BKN300 25/20 Q1000 TXKF 170555Z 30022KT 9999 SCT020 BKN034 BKN300 25/20 Q1000 TXKF 170655Z 28019KT 9999 SCT023 BKN032 BKN300 25/20 Q1001

20. Bermuda- Observations TXKF 170655Z 28019KT 9999 SCT023 BKN032 BKN300 25/20 Q1001 /= TXKF 170755Z 28018KT 9999 FEW023 SCT032 BKN300 25/19 Q1003 TXKF 170855Z 28020KT 9999 SCT022 SCT036 SCT300 26/21 Q1004 TXKF 170955Z 29021KT 9999 VCSH SCT019 BKN080 25/21 Q1005 TXKF 171055Z 30021KT 9999 VCSH SCT019 SCT036 BKN080 25/21 Q1006= TXKF 171155Z 29017KT 9999 VCSH SCT019 SCT036 SCT080 25/20 Q1008=

21. Bermuda- Observations Synoptic Reports

22. Bermuda – Upper Air Pattern

23. Bermuda Radar

24. Bermuda Satellite

25. Bermuda – Satellite

26. Bermuda – IR

27. Bermuda – Guidance

28. Verification

29. Career Path Scores

30. Up Close and Personal

31. Lessons Learned: Bermuda Temperatures reach a minimum in the Tropics when it rains hard. Conditions improve rapidly after a TC moves by. Thunderstorms are less frequent on the northwest quadrant of an accelerating TC