1.  2002 Prentice Hall Chapter 7 Graphics, Hypermedia, and Multimedia

2.  2002 Prentice Hall 2 Topics Focus on Computer Graphics Dynamic Media: Beyond the Printed Page Interactive Multimedia: Eye, Ear, Hand, & Mind Data Compression – How and Why “If you look out in the future you can see how best to make right choices.” Doug Engelbart

3.  2002 Prentice Hall 3 Focus on Computer Graphics Computer graphics include:  Painting Software  Digital Image Processing  Drawing Software  3-D Modeling Software  CAD/CAM  Presentation Graphics

4.  2002 Prentice Hall 4 Painting Software Paint pixels on the screen with a pointing device such as a mouse, joystick, trackball, touch pad or pen. The pointer movements are translated into lines and patterns on the screen.

5.  2002 Prentice Hall 5 Graphics Talk Pixels are tiny dots of white, black, or color that make up images on the screen. Palette of tools that mimic real-world painting tools and other tools unique to computers. Bitmapped graphics (or raster graphics) are pictures that show how the pixels are mapped on the screen. Color depth is the number of bits devoted to each pixel. Resolution is the density of the pixels.

6.  2002 Prentice Hall 6 More Graphics Talk NVIDIA Quadro4 750 XGL 64 bits per pixel  32-bit color –8 bits each for R,G,B –8 bits for alpha (opacity)  24-bit Z-buffer  8-bit stencil One 16-bit video overlay

7.  2002 Prentice Hall 7 Digital Image Processing: Photographic Editing by Computer Software that allows the user to manipulate photographs and other high-resolution images with tools such as Adobe Photoshop. Far more powerful than traditional photo-retouching techniques.  Can distort and combine photos as demonstrated in the tabloids  Create fabricated images that show no evidence of tampering

8.  2002 Prentice Hall 8 Building a Photo Collage Take an image Combine it with other objectsMake a statement

9.  2002 Prentice Hall 9 Drawing: Object-Oriented Graphics Drawing software stores a picture as a collection of lines and shapes (called object-oriented or vector graphics). Memory demands on storage not as high as bit- mapped images. Many drawing tools - line, shape and text tools are similar to painting tools in bitmapped programs.

10.  2002 Prentice Hall 10 Pixels vs. Objects Bit-mapped painting (pixels) gives you these advantages:  More control over textures, shading and fine detail  Appropriate for screen displays, simulating natural paint media and embellishing photographs

11.  2002 Prentice Hall 11 Pixels vs. Objects Object-oriented drawing gives you these advantages:  Better for creating printed graphs, charts, and illustrations  Lines are cleaner and shapes are smoother

12.  2002 Prentice Hall 12 Rules of Thumb: Creating Smart Art Choose the right tool for the job. Don’t be afraid to experiment and create your own art. Use computer clip art images that are either in the public domain or available through licensing. Don’t borrow without permission. Protect your own work by using the copyright symbol ©

13.  2002 Prentice Hall 13 3-D Modeling Software Used to create three-dimensional objects with tools similar to those in drawing software. Goal for some applications: to create an animated presentation on a computer screen or videotape. Flexible: can create a 3-D model, rotate it, view it from different angles Can “walk-through” a 3-D environment that exists only in the computer’s memory

14.  2002 Prentice Hall 14 3-D Modeling Software Images in wireframe view; ones on right are fully rendered to add surface textures

15.  2002 Prentice Hall 15 3D on the Web Web 3D consortium VRML  VRML specification VRML specification  Cosmo Player plug-in Cosmo Player plug-in Some examples  Examples from ancient UNCA course Examples from ancient UNCA course  Halden Virtual Reality Centre Halden Virtual Reality Centre  VRMLworks gallery VRMLworks gallery  Virtual Cities Directory Virtual Cities Directory

16.  2002 Prentice Hall 16 CAD/CAM: Turning Pictures into Products Computer Aided Design (CAD) software allows engineers, designers, and architects to create designs on screen for products ranging from computer chips to public buildings. Can test product prototypes Cheaper, faster, and more accurate than traditional design-by-hand techniques

17.  2002 Prentice Hall 17 CAD/CAM: Turning Pictures into Products Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) is the process by which data related to the product design are fed into a program that controls the manufacturing of parts. Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) refers to the combination of CAD/CAM and is a major step toward a fully automated factory.

18.  2002 Prentice Hall 18 Presentation Graphics: Bringing Lectures to Life Presentation graphics software helps to automate the creation of visual aids for lectures, training sessions, sales demonstrations, and other presentations. Create slide shows directly on computer monitors or LCD projectors, including still images, animation and video clips. Slides might include:  photographs  drawings  charts  tables

19.  2002 Prentice Hall 19 CAD programs and examples AutoDesk AutoCAD examples  Boston Harbor Software Inc Boston Harbor Software Inc  ARCHIdigm ARCHIdigm

20.  2002 Prentice Hall 20 Dynamic Media: Beyond the Printed Page Modern media contains dynamic information-- information that changes over time or in response to user input.  Animation  Desktop Video  Audio  Hypertext and hypermedia

21.  2002 Prentice Hall 21 Animation: Graphics in Time Each frame of computer-based animation is a computer- drawn picture and the computer displays those frames in rapid succession.  Tweening-instead of drawing each frame by hand, animator can create key frames and objects and use software to help fill in the gaps “Anything you can imagine can be done. If you can draw it, if you can describe it, we can do it. It’s just a matter of cost.” James Cameron, Filmmaker

22.  2002 Prentice Hall 22 Rules of Thumb: Making Powerful Presentations Know your audience Outline your ideas Keep it simple Use a consistent design Don’t clutter the screen Keep each slide focused Tell them what you’re going to tell them, then tell them, then tell them what you told them

23.  2002 Prentice Hall 23 Desktop Video: Computers, Film, and TV A video digitizer can convert analog video signals from a television broadcast or videotape into digital data.

24.  2002 Prentice Hall 24 Desktop Video: Computers, Film, and TV Video editing software such as Adobe Premiere makes it easy to eliminate extraneous footage, combine clips from multiple takes, splice together scenes, create specific effects and other activities. Morphs are video clips in which one image metamorphoses into another. Data compression software and hardware are used to squeeze data out of movies so they can be stored in smaller spaces.

25.  2002 Prentice Hall 25 The Synthetic Musician: Computers and Audio Audio digitizer- captures sound and stores it as a data file Synthesizer - electronic instrument that synthesizes sounds using mathematical formulas MIDI - Musical Instrument Digital Interface is a standard interface that allows electronic instruments and computers to communicate with each other Sequencing software - turns a computer into a musical composition, recording and editing machine.

26.  2002 Prentice Hall 26 Hypertext and Hypermedia Hypertext refers to information linked in non- sequential ways. Hypermedia combines text, numbers, graphics, animation, sound effects, music and other media in hyperlinked documents.  Useful for on-line help files  Jump between documents all over the Internet

27.  2002 Prentice Hall 27 Interactive Multimedia: Eye, Ear, Hand, and Mind A combination of text, graphics, animation, video, music, voice and sound effects that allows the user to take an active part in the experience. Requirements: high- quality color monitors, fast processors, large memory, CD-ROM drives, speakers, and sound cards

28.  2002 Prentice Hall 28 Multimedia Authoring: Making Mixed Media Multimedia authoring software glues together media captured and created with other applications. Multimedia authoring tools include prewritten behaviors attached to buttons, images or other on-screen objects

29.  2002 Prentice Hall 29 Rules of Thumb: Making Interactive Multimedia Work Be consistent in visual appearance Use graphical metaphors to guide viewers Keep the screen clean and uncluttered Include multimedia elements to enliven the presentation Focus on the message Give the user control Test your presentation with those unfamiliar with the subject

30.  2002 Prentice Hall 30 Interactive Media: Visions of the Future Positive aspects:  Users become active participants  People gain control over the media and use it to create a new kind of digital democracy Negative aspects:  Users become isolated and addicted to the technology  Media used to influence and control unwary citizens

31.  2002 Prentice Hall 31