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5.1 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 5: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues.

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Presentation on theme: "5.1 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 5: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues."— Presentation transcript:

1 5.1 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 5: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues in the Information Age SOCIAL, LEGAL, AND ETHICAL ISSUES IN THE INFORMATION AGE

2 5.2 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 5: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues in the Information Age A model for ethical, social and political issues raised by current ITA model for ethical, social and political issues raised by current IT Information rights and obligations – the privacy issueInformation rights and obligations – the privacy issue Intellectual property rights and obligations – the copyright issueIntellectual property rights and obligations – the copyright issue Accountability and control – the liability issueAccountability and control – the liability issue System quality – the reliability issueSystem quality – the reliability issue Quality of lifeQuality of life OBJECTIVES

3 5.3 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 5: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues in the Information Age Model for ethical, social and political issues raised by current IT

4 5.4 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 5: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues in the Information Age Key Technology Trends that Raise Ethical Issues Computing Power Doubles Every 18 Months: Computing Power Doubles Every 18 Months: –Dependence on computer systems Rapidly Declining Data Storage Costs:Rapidly Declining Data Storage Costs: –Easy maintenance of detailed databases Datamining Advances:Datamining Advances: –Easy analysis of vast quantities of data Networking Advances and the Internet:Networking Advances and the Internet: –Easy to copy and remotely access personal data Model for ethical, social and political issues raised by current IT

5 5.5 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 5: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues in the Information Age Model for ethical, social and political issues raised by current IT Key Technology Trends that Raise Ethical Issues

6 5.6 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 5: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues in the Information Age Terms we need in this discussion EthicsEthics –Principles of right and wrong that can be used to guide behaviour Accountability:Accountability: –Identifies who is responsible for consequences of decisions Liability:Liability: –Permits individuals to recover damages Due Process: Due Process: –Ensures laws are understood, and opportunity given to appeal to higher authority Model for ethical, social and political issues raised by current IT

7 5.7 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 5: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues in the Information Age Ethical Principles to consider Golden Rule:Golden Rule: Do unto others as you would have them do unto youDo unto others as you would have them do unto you (the Bible) Categorical Imperative:Categorical Imperative: an action not right for everyone, is not right for anyonean action not right for everyone, is not right for anyone (Immanuel Kant) Rule of Change:Rule of Change: an action that cannot (safely) be taken repeatedly, should not be taken at allan action that cannot (safely) be taken repeatedly, should not be taken at all (Decartes) Model for ethical, social and political issues raised by current IT

8 5.8 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 5: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues in the Information Age Ethical Principles to consider (cont’d) Utilitarian Principle:Utilitarian Principle: take action that gives greatest benefittake action that gives greatest benefit Risk Aversion Principle:Risk Aversion Principle: Take the action that produces the least harmTake the action that produces the least harm “No Free Lunch” Rule:“No Free Lunch” Rule: Assume that all objects are owned by creator who wants compensation for the workAssume that all objects are owned by creator who wants compensation for the work Model for ethical, social and political issues raised by current IT

9 5.9 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 5: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues in the Information Age Professional Codes of Conduct Promises by professions to regulate themselves in the best interests of societyPromises by professions to regulate themselves in the best interests of society E.g. codes of ethics ofE.g. codes of ethics of Canadian Medical Association (CMA)Canadian Medical Association (CMA) Canadian Bar Association (CBA)Canadian Bar Association (CBA) Canadian Information Processing Society (CIPS)Canadian Information Processing Society (CIPS) Model for ethical, social and political issues raised by current IT

10 5.10 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 5: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues in the Information Age A model for ethical, social and political issues raised by current ITA model for ethical, social and political issues raised by current IT Information rights and obligations – the privacy issueInformation rights and obligations – the privacy issue Intellectual property rights and obligations – the copyright issueIntellectual property rights and obligations – the copyright issue Accountability and control – the liability issueAccountability and control – the liability issue System quality – the reliability issueSystem quality – the reliability issue Quality of lifeQuality of life OBJECTIVES

11 5.11 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 5: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues in the Information Age Model for ethical, social and political issues raised by current IT

12 5.12 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 5: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues in the Information Age Privacy:Privacy: Claim of individuals to be left alone, free from surveillance or interferenceClaim of individuals to be left alone, free from surveillance or interference Challenges to Privacy:Challenges to Privacy: Employer monitoring of E-mail and Web useEmployer monitoring of E-mail and Web use Spy wareSpy ware CookiesCookies Information rights and obligations – the privacy issue

13 5.13 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 5: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues in the Information Age Information rights and obligations – the privacy issue Figure 5.4: How Cookies Identify Web Visitors

14 5.14 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 5: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues in the Information Age What can we do ? Self RegulationSelf Regulation Business posts ‘privacy statement’ - consumer is expected to read it and...Business posts ‘privacy statement’ - consumer is expected to read it and... Opt-Out Model – information will be collected unless consumer clicks to refuseOpt-Out Model – information will be collected unless consumer clicks to refuse Opt-In Model – information will be collected only if consumer clicks to acceptOpt-In Model – information will be collected only if consumer clicks to accept Information rights and obligations – the privacy issue

15 5.15 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 5: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues in the Information Age What can we do ? Guidelines ‘from above’Guidelines ‘from above’ Fair Information Practices (US HEW, 1973)Fair Information Practices (US HEW, 1973) Model Privacy Code (CSA)Model Privacy Code (CSA) ‘data subjects’ can use these as ‘a vehicle for challenging an organizations behaviour’‘data subjects’ can use these as ‘a vehicle for challenging an organizations behaviour’ Information rights and obligations – the privacy issue

16 5.16 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 5: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues in the Information Age Information rights and obligations – the privacy issue

17 5.17 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 5: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues in the Information Age What can we do ? (cont’d) Legislative solutions in CanadaLegislative solutions in Canada Charter of Rights and FreedomsCharter of Rights and Freedoms Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA), 2000Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA), 2000 Applies only to Public Sector – legislation regulating Private Sector exists only in QuebecApplies only to Public Sector – legislation regulating Private Sector exists only in Quebec Information rights and obligations – the privacy issue

18 5.18 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 5: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues in the Information Age What can we do ? (cont’d) Legislation in the EULegislation in the EU Directive on Data Protection (1998)Directive on Data Protection (1998) forbids use of personal data without ‘informed consent’forbids use of personal data without ‘informed consent’ “Consent given with knowledge of all facts needed to make a rational decision” cannot transfer data to countries that do not have similar legislationcannot transfer data to countries that do not have similar legislation Information rights and obligations – the privacy issue

19 5.19 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 5: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues in the Information Age What can we do ? (cont’d) Technical SolutionsTechnical Solutions P3PP3P Platform for Privacy Preferences Industry standard designed to give users more control over personal information gathered by web sites visited see in IE (Tools, Internet Options, Privacy) Privacy Protection Tools...Privacy Protection Tools... Information rights and obligations – the privacy issue

20 5.20 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 5: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues in the Information Age Information rights and obligations – the privacy issue

21 5.21 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 5: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues in the Information Age A model for ethical, social and political issues raised by current ITA model for ethical, social and political issues raised by current IT Information rights and obligations – the privacy issueInformation rights and obligations – the privacy issue Intellectual property rights and obligations – the copyright issueIntellectual property rights and obligations – the copyright issue Accountability and control – the liability issueAccountability and control – the liability issue System quality – the reliability issueSystem quality – the reliability issue Quality of lifeQuality of life OBJECTIVES

22 5.22 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 5: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues in the Information Age Intellectual Property:Intellectual Property: –Intangible property created by individuals or corporations Protected by:Protected by: –trade secret law can bind employees and customers with non-disclosure agreements if ideas are not in the public domain –copyright automatically protects creators against copying of their work by others for 50 years, but does not protect underlying ideas –patent law if application approved, grants a monopoly on the ideas behind an invention for 20 years Intellectual property rights and obligations – the copyright issue

23 5.23 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 5: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues in the Information Age Challenges to Intellectual Property RightsChallenges to Intellectual Property Rights –Internet makes it difficult to protect intellectual property –Mechanisms to copy and share digitized content (e.g., music, books) –‘Framing’ of Web sites Intellectual property rights and obligations – the copyright issue

24 5.24 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 5: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues in the Information Age Recent responses to these challenges DCMA (US, 1998)DCMA (US, 1998) –Makes the US compliant with the WIPO treaty –Makes the US compliant with the WIPO treaty (World Intellectual Property Organization) –forbids circumventing technology-based protections of copyright material –requires ISP’s to take down sites of infringers In CanadaIn Canada –Policy being established to bring Canada into line with WIPO Intellectual property rights and obligations – the copyright issue

25 5.25 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 5: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues in the Information Age A model for ethical, social and political issues raised by current ITA model for ethical, social and political issues raised by current IT Information rights and obligations – the privacy issueInformation rights and obligations – the privacy issue Intellectual property rights and obligations – the copyright issueIntellectual property rights and obligations – the copyright issue Accountability and control – the liability issueAccountability and control – the liability issue System quality – the reliability issueSystem quality – the reliability issue Quality of lifeQuality of life OBJECTIVES

26 5.26 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 5: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues in the Information Age Who is liable:Who is liable: –if harmful material is on the Web? the ISP? the poster? –if oil is shipped to the wrong destination? the data entry operator? the employer? –if patients are killed by an error in programming of medical equipment the programmer? the systems designer? Accountability and control – the liability issue

27 5.27 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 5: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues in the Information Age A model for ethical, social and political issues raised by current ITA model for ethical, social and political issues raised by current IT Information rights and obligations – the privacy issueInformation rights and obligations – the privacy issue Intellectual property rights and obligations – the copyright issueIntellectual property rights and obligations – the copyright issue Accountability and control – the liability issueAccountability and control – the liability issue System quality – the reliability issueSystem quality – the reliability issue Quality of lifeQuality of life OBJECTIVES

28 5.28 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 5: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues in the Information Age The truth is:The truth is: –zero defect IT systems are impossible So:So: –what is an adequate level of reliability? –do we warn users of dangers of use? –do we wait for the market to punish poor quality? ISO 9000:ISO 9000: –attempts to define standards, but penalties are unclear System quality – the reliability issue

29 5.29 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 5: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues in the Information Age A model for ethical, social and political issues raised by current ITA model for ethical, social and political issues raised by current IT Information rights and obligations – the privacy issueInformation rights and obligations – the privacy issue Intellectual property rights and obligations – the copyright issueIntellectual property rights and obligations – the copyright issue Accountability and control – the liability issueAccountability and control – the liability issue System quality – the reliability issueSystem quality – the reliability issue Quality of lifeQuality of life OBJECTIVES

30 5.30 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 5: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues in the Information Age Challenges to Quality of Life Rapidity of ChangeRapidity of Change –time to adjust to competition is reduced –‘just-in-time’ systems result in ‘just-in-time jobs, families and vacations’! Maintaining Boundaries:Maintaining Boundaries: –“Do anything anywhere” environment blurring boundaries between work and family time Computer Crime & Abuse:Computer Crime & Abuse: –Commission of illegal or unethical acts involving a computer –Vast increase due to the Internet (eg auction fraud and...) Quality of life

31 5.31 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 5: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues in the Information Age Quality of life

32 5.32 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 5: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues in the Information Age Challenges to Quality of Life Reengineering Job Loss:Reengineering Job Loss: –Middle-level managers and clerical workers at risk of job loss Increasing Class Cleavages:Increasing Class Cleavages: –Digital Divide – disparity in access to computers and Internet affects computer literacy Repetitive Stress Injury (RSI)Repetitive Stress Injury (RSI) –Repetitive actions cause injury –eg keyboarding can cause Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS)Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) –Eyestrain related to computer display screen usage –Symptoms include headaches and blurred vision TechnostressTechnostress –Stress induced by computer use –Symptoms include hostility toward humans, impatience, and enervation Quality of life

33 5.33 Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition Chapter 5: Social, Legal, and Ethical Issues in the Information Age SOCIAL, LEGAL, AND ETHICAL ISSUES IN THE INFORMATION AGE

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