1. Culture and Socio-economic status

2. Cultural Practices & Beliefs Individualism/Collectivism Behavior toward Authority figures Cognitive Tools Valued activities Conception of time

3. Family Income SES – socioeconomic status; a combined community standing based upon a family’s income level, prestige of jobs, and education Family income slightly contributes to development, while family support is of utmost importance Children living in economic poverty Challenges Teresa M. McDevitt and Jeanne Ellis Ormrod Child Development and Education, third edition Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

4. SES & Parenting…some patterns… Lower SES Higher SES Eating dinner together as a family reduced child outcome risks in both high SES and Low SES families.

5. Educating Children from Low-Income Families –Resilience – ability of some children to thrive despite adverse conditions in their context Invest in children’s strengths Foster a sense of belonging Convey clear, consistent expectations for behavior Show relevance of academic success to children’s future Introduce children to institutions in the community Communicate high expectations for future goals Support homeless children with school supplies and help them ease into a new community Find good role models Teresa M. McDevitt and Jeanne Ellis Ormrod Child Development and Education, third edition Copyright ©2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

6. School Performance Children from immigrant families perform just as well in school and often stay in school longer Asian Americans perform highest in school, while Hispanic American, African American, and Native American students have somewhat performed lower than European American counterparts These differences may be caused by –Language barriers –Lower income –Limited access to education –School’s failure to recognize cultural strengths in children –Low expectations from teachers.

7. Creating Supportive Environments for Ethnic Minority Children Foster respect for diverse cultures Create opportunities for children with diverse backgrounds to interact Recognize that children may follow practices from two or more cultures When cultural conflicts occur, find constructive ways to address them