1. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

2. Chapter 16: Civil Rights Equality and Equal Rights The Quest for Equal Justice Equal Protection of the Laws: What Does It Mean? Voting Rights Rights to Equal Access: Accommodations, Jobs, Homes Education Rights Equal Rights Today

3. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Chapter Outline and Learning Objective Equality and Equal Rights LO 16.1 Explain the concept of equality and assess the rights of citizens. The Quest for Equal Justice LO 16.2 Compare and contrast the efforts of various groups to obtain equal protection of the law.

4. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Chapter Outline and Learning Objective Equal Protection of the LawsEqual Protection of the Laws: What Does It Mean? LO 16.3 Analyze Supreme Court’s three-tiered approach used to evaluate discriminatory laws. Voting Rights LO 16.4 Trace the evolution of voting rights and analyze the protections provided by the 1965 Voting Rights Act.

5. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Chapter Outline and Learning Objective Rights to Equal Access: Accommodations, Jobs, and Homes LO 16.5 Describe congressional legislation against discrimination in housing, employment and accommodations. Education Rights LO 16.6 Evaluate the historical process of school integration and the current state of affirmative action.

6. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Equal Rights Today LO 16.7 Assess the status of civil rights in the United States today. Chapter Outline and Learning Objective

7. Equality and Equal Rights LO 16.1 Explain the concept of equality and assess the rights of citizens. Equal Rights Civil Rights Natural Rights Citizenship Rights Naturalization Dual citizenship LO 16.1 Back to learning objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

8. Rights U.S. Citizens Residency in a state Resident Aliens Equality and Equal Rights LO 16.1 Back to learning objectives

9. LO 16.1 Back to learning objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

10. The Quest for Equal Justice LO 16.2 Compare and contrast the efforts of various groups to obtain equal protection of the law. Racial Equality Civil War Segregation and White Supremacy Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) Civil Rights Movement Civil Rights Act of 1964 LO 16.2 Back to learning objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

11. Gender Equality Seneca Falls Women’s Rights Convention (1848) Suffrage Movement Nineteenth Amendment (1920) Women’s Rights Movement 1960s and 1970s The Quest for Equal Justice LO 16.2 Back to learning objectives

12. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Other Groups Hispanics Asian Americans Native Americans The Quest for Equal Justice LO 16.2 Back to learning objectives

13. LO 16.2 Back to learning objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

14. Equal Protection of the Laws: What Does It Mean? LO 16.3 Analyze Supreme Court’s three- tiered approach used to evaluate discriminatory laws. Equal Protection of the Laws Rational Basis Test Quasi-Suspect Classifications and Heightened Scrutiny Suspect Classifications and Strict Scrutiny LO 16.3 Back to learning objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

15. Classifications Not Elevated Age Poverty Sexual Orientation Equal Protection of the Laws LO 16.3 Back to learning objectives

16. Voting Rights LO 16.4 Trace the evolution of voting rights and analyze the protections provided by the 1965 Voting Rights Act. Voting Rights Obstacles Literacy tests White primary Poll tax Voting Rights Act of 1965 LO 16.4 Back to learning objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

17. Rights to Equal Access: Accommodations, Jobs, and Homes LO 16.5 Describe congressional legislation against discrimination in housing, employment and accommodations. Equal Access Accommodations Jobs Homes LO 16.5 Back to learning objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

18. Education Rights LO 16.6 Evaluate the historical process of school integration and the current state of affirmative action. Education Rights Segregation itself is discrimination Not yet integration De jure segregation De facto segregation LO 16.6 Back to learning objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

19. Affirmative Action University of California Regents v. Bakke (1978) Gratz v. Bollinger (2003) Grutter v. Bollinger (2003) Proposition 209 Education Rights LO 16.6 Back to learning objectives

20. Equal Rights Today LO 16.7 Assess the status of civil rights in the United States today. Equal Rights Today Civil rights legislation, executive orders, judicial decisions have lowered, if not fully removed, legal barriers to full and equal participation in society. Children are growing up on streets where drug abuse and crime are daily events. LO 16.7 Back to learning objectives Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

21. A person cannot become a citizen if he or she is ___. A.16-years old B.Lawfully admitted to the state for at least five years C.Found to have good moral character D.Opposed to totalitarianism LO 16.1 Back to learning objectives

22. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman A person cannot become a citizen if he or she is ___. A.16-years old B.Lawfully admitted to the state for at least five years C.Found to have good moral character D.Opposed to totalitarianism LO 16.1 Back to learning objectives

23. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Which law prohibits discrimination based on race, sex, religion or nationality? A.Voting Rights Act B.Civil Rights Act C.Patriot Act D.None of the above LO 16.2 Back to learning objectives

24. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman A.Voting Rights Act B.Civil Rights Act C.Patriot Act D.None of the above Which law prohibits discrimination based on race, sex, religion or nationality? LO 16.2 Back to learning objectives

25. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Which of the following is subject to strict scrutiny? A.Age B.Sex C.Race D.Sexual orientation LO 16.3 Back to learning objectives

26. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Which of the following is subject to strict scrutiny? A.Age B.Sex C.Race D.Sexual orientation LO 16.3 Back to learning objectives

27. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Which obstacle was used by the Democratic party in the South? A.Literacy tests B.White primaries C.Poll taxes D.None of the above LO 16.4 Back to learning objectives

28. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman A.Literacy tests B.White primaries C.Poll taxes D.None of the above Which obstacle was used by the Democratic party in the South? LO 16.4 Back to learning objectives

29. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Which of the following is NOT covered by the Civil Rights Act? A.Equality in accommodations B.Equality in employment C.Equality in housing D.All of the above LO 16.5 Back to learning objectives

30. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman A.Equality in accommodations B.Equality in employment C.Equality in housing D.All of the above Which of the following is NOT covered by the Civil Rights Act? LO 16.5 Back to learning objectives

31. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman The most controversial policy in equality is ____. A.De jure segregation B.De facto segregation C.Affirmative action D.None of the above LO 16.6 Back to learning objectives

32. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman The most controversial policy in equality is ____. A.De jure segregation B.De facto segregation C.Affirmative action D.None of the above LO 16.6 Back to learning objectives

33. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman What has been used to lower legal barriers to equality? A.Civil rights legislation B.Executive orders C.Judicial decisions D.All of the above LO 16.7 Back to learning objectives

34. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman What has been used to lower legal barriers to equality? A.Civil rights legislation B.Executive orders C.Judicial decisions D.All of the above LO 16.7 Back to learning objectives

35. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Text Credits 437: From “Degrees of Separation” by Michael A. Fletcher from THE WASHINGTON POST, June 25, 2002. Copyright (c) 2002 by The Washington Post. Reprinted by permission of The Washington Post.

36. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Photo Credits 428: Kevin P. Casey/The New York Times/Redux 430: Richard Ellis/Getty Images 432: Corbis 434: (top) Kidwiler Collection/Diamond Images/Getty Images 434: (bottom) Laurie P. Winfrey/Woodfin Camp 435: (top) Francis Miller/Time & Life Pictures/ Getty Images 435: (bottom) Bettmann/Corbis 437: Rick D’Elia/Corbis 438: Tim Sloan/AFP/ Getty Images 442: Rich Pedroncelli/AP Photo 444: National Conference of State Legislators 446: William Thomas Cain/Getty Images 448: Bettmann/ Corbis 450: Danny Moloshok/AP Photo 451: AP Photo