1. olitical Systemsconomyeligion ________________________: belief in many gods Sumerians in Mesopotamia believed in almost 3,000 gods!!! Gods could be _________________ at any moment and to keep them happy Sumerians: – Built impressive ______________________ or temples to sacrifice food, wine and animals Souls of the dead wandered in the land of no return ziggurat Power of the Priests Sumer’s earliest __________________ were controlled by temple _____________ – Farmers believed they needed blessings for success of their crops – Priests were the middle man for the Gods Priests demanded portion of farmer crops as tax Later followed _______________ rulers: when the power is ___________ down to ____________ ___________. Metal tools and weapons (bronze, iron) Increasing agricultural surplus (better tools, plows, irrigation) Increasing trade along rivers – traded with Egypt Development of the world’s first cities Specialization of labor Copyright © Clara Kim 2007. All rights reserved.

2. ocialStructures chievements eography Science and Technology Invented the _______________, the ___________, the ____________ First to use ________________ to make tools Developed system of writing = cuneiform: wedge shaped writing. Built ___________________________ ________, buildings, surveyed flooded fields. Epic of Gilgamesh Myths and legends recorded in this ___________ poem One of the ________________ works of literature in the world The Fertile Crescent Arc of land Arc of land ________________ the ______________________ and the __________________________ ____________ in Southwest Asia One land…Two Rivers Mesopotamia means = “_________________________ _________________” – _______________ River and __________________ River Both rivers flooded once a year and left thick bed of silt. *___________: rich, new soil farmers could plant and harvest enormous quantities of wheat and barley Draw the social pyramid Rigid (strict) class system where slavery was accepted Copyright © Clara Kim 2007. All rights reserved.

3. olitical Systems conomy eligion Trade By 3200 BC, ________________ were trading with the ____________________ Also traded up and down the Nile – __________________ – Cattle Granite blocks Religion ______________________ 2,000 gods and goddesses Built huge temples to honor gods Believed in ____________________ Osiris – god of the dead Pharaohs Egyptian kings = ____________________ The Egyptians viewed their pharaohs the same as the gods – ____________ WERE ____________ – Stood as center of _______________ as well as _____________________ and __________ Type of Government = __________________ Copyright © Clara Kim 2007. All rights reserved.

4. ocial chievements eography Very ________________ from the ________________ of ______________ Egypt’s united kingdom allowed – High degree of ___________ – Stability Cultural __________________ (staying the same) __________________________ – 4,132 miles long, flows northward Every year in July the river ________________ ______________________ leaving behind rich soil. The Nile is the _____________ river in the _____________! Forbidden Deserts on either side of the Nile = Natural barriers Upper Egypt Lower Egypt Developed writing = ____________________ – ____________________ writing system Developed written numbers for recording taxes – Addition, subtraction Knowledge in __________ = skillful _________________ – _______________ – Palaces Egyptian Architects __________ to use __________ _____________ in homes, palaces and temples 12 month, 365 day calendar from studying the stars So accurate it was only ______________off from _____________ calendar year Social pyramid Structures