1. Workshop on modern biology & its social impacts 2-5 Dec 2007, Xishuanbanna, Yunnan, China Environmental Impacts of GM Crops for Insect-Resistance Yufa Peng Biosafety Research Centre, CAAS, Beijing yfpeng@ippcaas.cn

2. MOA Inspection and Test Center for Environmental Safety of Transgenic Crops Lab testing Environmental testing

3. The major crops under field testing Rice Cotton Soybean Corn Potato

4. 1 2 3 4 Experimental Stations for Environmental safety of Bt cotton 1-Langfang,Hebei （ 1997- ） 2-An Yang, Henan （ 1997- ） 3-Tianmen, Hubei （ 2001- ） 4- Kashi, Xinjiang （ 2001- ） Langfang Environmental Impacts of Bt Cotton

5. Population dynamics of non-target pests and natural enemies in Bt cotton field Number of predators increased due to reduced pesticide uses in Bt cotton field The damage of aphid reduced due to higher population of natural enemies Mirids become the major pests in Bt cotton

6. Impact of Bt Cotton Pollen On Silkworms No significant difference was observed on mortality of silkworm at the density of 100 pollen grains/cm 2 in Bt cotton field or Chinese tussah silkworm at the density of 1000 pollen grains/cm 2 in Bt corn field compared to non-Bt controls Antheraea pernyiBombyx mori

7. Effects on Arthropod Biodiversity of Bt Cotton A higher diversity in species and a better structure of arthropod community in Bt cotton field

8. Monitoring the Bt toxin residue in soil of Bt cotton field The contents of Cry1Ac toxin in soil in Langfang,Hebei, Jiangsu, Henan, Shandong were less than ELISA test limit

9. Cotton Wheat Cotton Corn Cotton Soybean/Peanut Functions of cotton bollworm refuges with different planting models 1st 2nd 3rd fourth generation larvae Corn Soybean Peanut Different planting models Soybean/Peanut

10. Resistance evaluation of Bt cotton lines to cotton bollworm

11. Environmental testing of GM soybean  The survival and competitive ability  The ecological consequence of gene flow  Effects on non-target organisms and biodiversity  The survival and competitive ability  The ecological consequence of gene flow  Effects on non-target organisms and biodiversity

12. ♣ survival: less ♣ weediness: without advantage  Testing the survival and competitive abilities GM soybean

13.  Testing the ecological risk of gene flow Gene flow frequency 0.0316 ％～ 0.6 ％ maximum flow distance: 20m GM soybean Local soybean variety GM soybean Local soybean variety Experimental layout of gene flow GM soybean

14.  Testing the ecological risk of gene flow ♣ GM to wild soybean: 0.15%-1.3% ♣ GM to conventional cultivars to yellow soybeans 0.058%-1.63% to black soybeans 0.051%-0.16 ％ GM soybean

15.  effects on biodiversity ♣ Direct observations ♣ Vacuum-suction machine GM soybean

16.  effects on biodiversity ♣ effect on Arthropods of soybean no significant differences Aphids Greenish hawk moth Been blister beetle Dotted bug GM soybean

17.  Testing the effects on biodiversity ♣ effects on nature enemy of soybean pests ladybird spider GM soybean

18.  effects on biodiversity ♣ effects on nature enemies of soybean diseases no significant differences Downy mildew GM soybean

19. Environmental impact testing of transgenic Corn MON810, MON863 resistant to insects GA21, NK603 tolerant to herbicide Bt 11, 176 resistant to insects TC1705 resistant to insects DAS-59122-7 resistant to insects and tolerant to herbicide T25 tolerant to herbicide MONSANTO SYNGENTA Du PONT BAYER

20. ♣ survival: less ♣ weediness: without advantage  survival and competitive abilities transgenic corn

21.  ecological risk of gene flow GM corn ♣ 5m: 0.93% to 19.57% 15m: 0.88% to 6.67% 30m: 0.32% to 1.76% 60m: 0.23% to 1% transgenic corn

22.  the effects on biodiversity Pitfall trap Vaccum-sucking machine Visual Observation Dissecting the stem transgenic corn

23. good control on Asian corn borer Bt corn Non-Bt corn damaged by Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis Bt corn Non-Bt corn Damaged by peach borer

24. transgenic corn ♣ effects on non-target insects of Bt corn no significant differences Corn leaf aphid Thrips

25. transgenic corn ♣ effects on natural enemies of corn pests no significant difference Lacewing Propylaea japonica Harmonia axyridis

26. transgenic corn ♣ effects on corn diseases Curvularia leaf spot grey leaf spot Corn northern leaf blight Common smut

27. Concluding remarks Cotton bollworm and Bt cotton cultivation Genetic stability for 10 years Not an invasive weed Bt-proteins in cotton cultivars does not appear to alter the fitness to survive in natural habitats Effects on non-target insects and biodiversity Insect resistance and IPM strategy

28. For regulation, have to know vs. nice to know For research, understanding & cooperation Thank you !