1. Threats: Disease, Exotics, Trees,& Facts

2. Threats to smokies
Air pollution, acid precipitation, exotic species, apathy, lack of funding.

3. Invasive Exotic Species
Plants 40 invasive/380 exotic- privet, mimosa, fescue and Johnson grass, Kudzu, tree of heaven, Japanese grass, multiflora rose, garlic mustard, oriental bittersweet, Japanese honeysuckle, musk thistle

4. Garlic mustard, Kudzu, Mimosa, multiflora rose

5. Johnson grass, fescue, privet, oriental bittersweet

6. Dogwood A, Beech scale insect and fungus, Wild Hog

7. Destructive non-natives include the balsam woolly adelgid, dogwood anthracnose, Chinese chestnut blight, Dutch elm disease, beech bark disease, hemlock woolly adelgid, and the gypsy moth.

8. American chestnut

9. Chestnut blight fungus-killed American chestnut.
Diseases
Chestnut blight fungus-killed American chestnut.
Dutch elm disease-elm trees

10. Elm trees

11. More conspicuous alien species such as wild hogs, rainbow trout, and a host of invasive vascular plants are also damaging natural systems.

12. Hemlock WA, Gypsy moth, Larvae

13. BWA

14. These unwelcome pests have already caused major forest changes, and they threaten to do even more damage in the immediate future.

15. Several common forest ecosystems are threatened by non-native insects and diseases unintentionally imported into north America

16. Tree identification (intro)
Best identified by leaves/needles, also bark, shape, size.

17. Ex. Pine trees-needles in bunches
Bundle of 5-white pine(3-5in needles)
Bundle of 2-red pine(4-7in)
Bundle of 2 jack pine(1in)
Bundle of 3-loblolly pine(5-9in needles)

18. White Pine

19. Jack Pine

20. Loblolly

21. Parting facts
Smokies highest peak- Clingman’s Dome 6,643ft
Highest Appalachian peak- Mt. Mitchell 6,683ft
April is peak wildflower month!

22. Highest Elevation Campsite and Shelter
Mt. Sterling # ft
Mt. Leconte Shelter-6440ft

25. Top ten peaks (elevation ft)
Clingmans dome- 6,643
Mount Guyot- 6,621
Mount Le Conte (high top)- 6,593
Mount Buckley- 6,580
Mount Love- 6,420
Mount Chapman- 6,417
Old Black- 6,370
Luftee Knob- 6,234
Mount Kephart- 6,217
Mount Collins- 6,118