1. Kidney Function About 1200mL of blood is filtered thru the kidney each minute!!!!
Regulate the composition of your blood
keep the concentrations of various ions
and other important substances constant
keep the volume of water in your body constant
remove wastes from your body (urea,
ammonia, drugs, toxic substances)
keep the acid/base concentration of your blood constant
Help regulate your blood pressure
Stimulate the making of red blood cells
Maintain your body's calcium levels

2. Kidney Functions
Urea from amino acid breakdown, Creatinine from creatine phosphate breakdown during muscle contraction, uric acid from recycling RNA..

3. Looking a little closer….
In a normal human adult, each kidney is about 12 cm long and about 5 cm thick, weighing 150 grams

6. The Nephron
Aldosterone
Regulated pump
Na+ reclaimed
K+ lost
Anti-diuretic (ADH)
Hormone controls passive
water re- absorption by altering permeability
At this point approximately 1200mL of urine is produced/day and 90% of the water and nutrients that left the blood have been reabsorbed.
FILTRATION
About 20% of the fluid
brought to the kidney
leaves the blood in the
Glomerulus. It must be reabsorbed to prevent dehydration. (180L/day)

7.                                                                                         
Rids body of : urea and ammonia from amino acid breakdown, Creatinine from creatine phosphate breakdown during muscle contraction, uric acid from recycling RNA, and excess water.

9. The Mechanism of Dialysis
Blood flows by one side of a semipermeable membrane, and a dialysis solution or fluid flows by the opposite side. Most smaller solutes can easily pass through the membrane.

10. The Unhealthy Kidney
In the diseased kidney, dialysis is a type of renal replacement therapy, which is used to provide an artificial means for lost kidney function.
Dialysis can be for acute kidney failure or permanent kidney failure.
The semi-permeable membrane used in dialysis to perform the function of the nephron is the same as the membrane you are using in your experiment.

11. The Mechanics
The concentrations of undesired solutes (among them potassium, urea, and phosphorus, but including a large number of compounds about which little is known) are high in the blood, but low or absent in the dialysis solution.

12. The dialysis solution is continually replenished to maintain the concentration gradient for the removal of unwanted solutes. The dialysis solution has levels of minerals like sodium and chloride that are similar to their natural concentration in healthy blood. For another solute, bicarbonate, dialysis solution level is set at a slightly higher level than in healthy blood. This is to encourage diffusion of bicarbonate from dialysate to the blood, to neutralize the buildup of acidity acidosis that is often present in these patients.

13. Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis

14. In our experiment….
What happened to the glucose and the starch?
How do you know?