1. Do Now: Amanda is having her friend Lynne over her house to study. Lynne has never been to her house before. What kind of information should Amanda give Lynne so she does not get lost? BE SPECIFIC.

3. Typical Graph This is an example of a typical graph we are all familiar with. The graph is made up of different “points” with lines that connect the points.

4. Typical Graph Each point has two values: The “X” value that runs along the horizontal “X” axis The “Y” value that runs along the vertical “Y” axis Y axis X axis

5. Typical Graph X value is always stated first Followed by the Y value The “origin” is the point where the 2 axes intersect with a value of (0,0) (0,0) (3,8) Y X (9,5)

6. Typical Graph A point can also have negative (-) values Negative X values are to the left of the origin (0,0) Negative Y values are below the origin X Y (-X,+Y) (+X,-Y) (+X,+Y) (-X,-Y) (0,0)

7. Latitude and Longitude ► The earth is divided into lots of lines called latitude and longitude.

8. East West, North South on The Earth Let the X axis be the Equator. Let the Y axis be the Prime Meridian that runs through Greenwich outside of London. Lat/Long are the 2 grid points by which you can locate any point on earth. Y X

9. Equator on Earth On your Reference tables please connect the lines horizontally from 0 to 0 on pages 4 and 5 Label it Equator Y X

10. Prime Meridian on Earth On your Reference tables please connect the lines Vertically from 0 to 0 on pages 4 and 5 Label it Prime Meridian Y X

11. East West, North South on the Earth Let each of the four quarters then be designated by North or South and East or West. N S EW

12. East West, North South on the Earth (N, W) (N, E) (S, W) (S, E)

13. Coordinate System In order to determine locations on Earth’s surface, we must have some points reference.

14. Latitude & Longitude System Made up of imaginary lines that form a grid, similar to the lines on a football field. Equator and prime meridian as points of reference.

15. Lines ► Longitude lines run north and south. ► Latitude lines run east and west. ► The lines measure distances in degrees. Latitude Longitude

16. Latitude lines run east/west but they measure north or south of the equator (0°) splitting the earth into the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere.

17. Latitude North Pole South Pole Lines of latitude are numbered from 0° at the equator to 90° N.L. at the North Pole. Lines of latitude are numbered from 0° at the equator to 90° S.L. at the South Pole. ] [ 90 80 70 60 50 40 20 30 10 90 80 70 60 50 40 20 10 30

18. Latitude The North Pole is at 90° N The South Pole is at 90° S

19. Longitude Lines of longitude begin at the Prime Meridian. The Prime Meridian is located at 0°. It is neither east or west WE

20. Longitude Lines of longitude are numbered east from the Prime Meridian to the 180° line and west from the Prime Meridian to the 180° line. PRIME MERIDIAN West Longitude East Longitude 180° N EW S North Pole

21. INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE 180° SEPARATES 2 CALENDAR DAYS. America to Asia – gain a day Asia to America – lose a day

22. Prime Meridian The Prime Meridian (0°) and the 180° line split the earth into the Western Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere. Prime Meridian Western Hemisphere Eastern Hemisphere Places located east of the Prime Meridian have an east longitude (E) address. Places located west of the Prime Meridian have a west longitude (W) address.

23. By combining latitude and longitude, any location can be pinpointed

24. Summary: Latitude and longitude practice

25. Greenwich, England is the logical starting point for time zones The world rotates counterclockwise, time zones to the east are ahead of the those time zones to the west

26. LONGITUDE AND TIME The world rotates (spins) 360° in 24 hours. 360° / 24 hours = 15° per hour The world has 24 time zones, each l5° apart. THERE IS A 1 HOUR TIME DIFFERENCE FOR EVERY 15° OF LONGITUDE

27. ANOTHER CHEESY SAYING EAST INCREASE Time is forward to all places to the east WEST LESS Time is backward to all places to the west

28. East Increase – West Less (1 hr per l5°) If it is 9 p.m. at Position D, what time is it at position C? Position B? If it is 11 a.m. at Position X, at what time is it at location A

29. Earth rotates west to east Solar time is based on the position of the sun NIGHT IS FALLING ON EARTH Look at the East Coast of the United States. The lights are already lit. California the sun is still visible.

30. This pictures shows AMERICAN CITIES at night.

31. Saguenay Ottawa Sept-Iles Mexico City Québec Montréal St.John Those light are Boston, New York, Philadelphia and Washington. Toronto Detroit Miami Havana Puerto Rico Houston Dallas It’s still daylight in California Thunder Bay Port-au-Prince

32. France Spain AFRICA Italy EnglandIceland Atlantic Ocean

33. How is latitude measured?

35. How is longitude measured?

37. BASED ON THE ____________ OF _______________

45. BASED ON EARTH’S

46. EACH HOUR, EARTH ROTATES (360°/24hrs)

50. Example: Two students record a difference in local time of two hours. How many degrees of longitude apart are they?