1. Latitude, Longitude, and Maps

2.  Cartography is the science of making maps.  Use of imaginary grid of parallel and vertical lines to give exact locations on Earth  Equator-circles the Earth halfway between the north and south poles  Separates Earth into 2 equal halves: northern and southern hemispheres

3.  Lines that run parallel to the equator  Is the distance in degrees north or south of the equator  Equator serves as the reference point (0°)  North and South Pole each lie at 90° so latitude is measured from 0° to 90°  Expressed as degrees north or degrees south of the equator

4.  Each degree of latitude = ~111 kilometers (km) on Earth’s surface  Broken down into smaller units (60 units = 60 minutes)  Minutes = ’ symbol  Each minute of latitude = 1.85 km

6. Lines of longitude only Equator added Other lines of latitude added

7. E N W S

8.  Lines of longitude (called meridians) are used to locate positions east and west  Is the distance in degrees east or west of the prime meridian (reference point for longitude)  Prime meridian = 0°(goes through Greenwich, England)  Points are numbered 0° to 180° (east or west)  Lines of longitude are not parallel = semicircles extend vertically from pole to pole

9.  Lines of longitude converge at the poles, making distances covered by degrees of longitude vary with location  Coordinates: Need both latitude and longitude to give exact location  **Latitude comes first in the coordinates

10.  There are 24 times zones that Earth is divided into  24 represents the number of hours to rotate once on its axis  Each time zone represents a different hour and is 15° wide  The U.S. has 6 different time zones

11.  Midnight marks the end and beginning of each day in all times zones  Time is lost or gained as you travel through a zone which could cause a loss or gain of an entire day  International Date Line (180°) serves as the transition line for calendar days   east = move calendar back by 1 day  west = advance calendar by 1 day

12.  The Earth is divided into 24 time zones, corresponding to 24 hours in a day.  As the earth rotates, the sun shines in different areas, moving from east to west during the course of a day.  Places that have the same longitude will be in the same time zone.longitude