1. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Chapter 5: The Adolescent in Society

2. Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. What socialization issues are associated with adolescence? Essential Question

3. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Adolescence Writing Prompt A benevolent alien species has sent explorers to earth to learn more about the human species. They are curious about the different stages of human physical and social development. They have asked teenagers in several parts of the world, including the U.S. to describe and explain adolescence in their own words, and in context of their own society and culture. On your entrance ticket, write at least a paragraph explaining what you think adolescence is.

4. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Learning Targets Adolescence refers to a distinct stage of life. In the United States, the concept of adolescence is a recent development. The five leading characteristics of adolescence are biological growth and development, an undefined status, increased decision making, increased pressures, and the search for self.

5. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. The Adolescent Brain: A Work in Progress How is a teenager's brain different from an adult's brain? Ted Talk Video Clip

6. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

7. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Adolescence Adolescence: the period between the normal onset of puberty and the beginning of adulthood. Puberty :Puberty : the physical maturing that makes an individual capable of sexual reproduction. ages 12 to 19In the United States, it is generally from ages 12 to 19. The Concept of Adolescence

8. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. The History… Many societies do not include the idea of “adolescence.” Social and economic developments since the Civil War have strengthened the idea of adolescence in the U.S. and other industrialized nations. The Concept of Adolescence

9. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. 3 Factors in the Development of Adolescence as a Stage of Life… Mandatory education Exclusion from the labor force Separate legal status The Concept of Adolescence

10. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Undefined Status Unclear social expectations: –Some treated as children, some as adults –Allowed to marry at age 16, vote at age 18, and drink at age 21 –Some adults like adolescent culture, others are critical Characteristics of Adolescence

11. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Increased Decision Making More decisions must be made independently. Increased Pressure Parents, friends, and teachers all pressure adolescents to behave in particular ways. Peer pressure is the strongest. Many teens feel pressure to be in a relationship or find a job. Characteristics of Adolescence

12. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. The Search for Self The ability to establish personal norms and priorities is important. Preparing for future roles is one aspect of finding oneself. Anticipatory socialization: learning the rights, obligations, and expectations of a role to prepare for assuming that role in the future. Characteristics of Adolescence

13. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Coming of Age rite of passageMost cultures mark an adolescent’s entry into adulthood with of some type of rite of passage Coming-of-age ceremonies are different across cultures. Some are informal events such as getting a driver’s license. Some are more formal such as a high school graduation. Characteristics of Adolescence

14. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Rites of Passage Mini-Project Working with a partner, choose a formal rite of passage from the list provided (or one you think of with approval). Using reliable online sources, research your rite of passage and create a PowerPoint or Prezi that: 1.Identifies the rite and where it originated (country, ethnic group, time period, etc.). 2. Describes the rite and its participants. 3. Explains how it is a transition from adolescence to adulthood. You AND your partner will present to your classmates. Refer to your rubric for requirements.

15. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. What socialization issues are associated with adolescence? Essential Question

16. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Learning Targets To understand the development of dating in the United States from the past system of courtship to the present, generally accepted types of social interaction and mate selection. To be able to identify the functions of dating in American society, and compare and contrast this to other societies’ or cultures’ select of marriage partners. Teenagers and Dating

17. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. How did a story of teenage love become one of the greatest romantic tragedies of all time? Stop and think…what was the purpose of marriage in their day? How did their relationship “line up” with the social norms and customs? What about this “modern day” couple? Clip #1 ClipClip #2

18. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Dating is a recent phenomenon in the United States. It has become a more common form of interaction between the sexes. Main purpose is entertainment and amusement Can lead to serious relationship and/or marriage Most common method for selecting spouse in modern United States Dating Dating and Courtship Courtship is less flexible than dating Designed to end in marriage Strictly defined roles for both parties Couple rarely left alone Courtship

19. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. DATING—may lead to marriage, but main purpose is entertainment and amusement COURTSHIP—strictly defined roles, ultimate purpose is marriage BOTH—meeting and interaction of people as a romantic engagement How are dating and courtship similar, and how are they different? Compare and Contrast

20. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Click on the image to play the Interactive.

21. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

22. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. The Emergence of Dating Pre-Industrial Revolution –Marriages were dependent on a man inheriting agricultural land. –Families played an important role in determining spouses. –Women had few few job choices and marriage was the primary means of their security and survival. –Their fathers would choose suitable husbands, and they had little or no say in the matter. –Courtship, not dating was the social custom. –Marriage for love was not the primary purpose.

23. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. The Emergence of Dating Changes during/post-Industrial Revolution –Young adults could earn money away from land, so parents became less involved in relationships. –The rise of free public education brought the sexes together (coeducation). –After World War I, technologies such as the automobile and telephone gave young adults greater freedom. –The 1920s saw an increase in opportunity and equality for women.

24. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. The Emergence of Dating The Goals of Dating –Sociologists and social psychologists find evidence that men and women choose people of equal status to date. –This is done as a function of homogamy—the tendency of individuals to marry people with social characteristics similar to their own. –“Birds of a feather flock together…”

25. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. The Industrial Revolution, public education, telephone, cars, and equality of women Identify Cause and Effect What factors led to the emergence of dating in the United States? Comprehension Quick Check

26. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Dating serves several important functions in adolescence. These functions might occur at different stages of a relationship, and each may carry more or less weight at various stages. Functions of Dating Functions Entertainment Socialization Basic psychological needs –conversation, companionship, and understanding Status attainment Spouse selection

27. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. entertainment, socialization, conversation and companionship, status obtainment, spouse selection What are the five functions of dating? Comprehension Quick Check

28. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Traditional Dating Patterns Responsibility for organizing a date falls to the man Behavior is highly ritualized Contemporary Dating Patterns Both sexes initiate and organize dates Relationships are based on friendship Amish/Religious/Conservative Dating Patterns Begin courting around age 16 Opportunities occur at formal events Dating is done with marriage in mind Dating Patterns

29. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Become more informal and flexible, with greater gender equality How have dating patterns changed in the United States over time? Comprehension Quick Check

30. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Dating Patterns Gallery Walk “Exhibit Creation” In your groups, you will use your available print and online resources to create an exhibit for your classmates to gain information from in a gallery walk Your exhibit should include ALL of the required information and elements 1.Casual dating 2.Serious dating 3.Group dating 4.Online dating 5.Speed dating 6.Blind dating 7.Double dating 8.“Going Steady”

31. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Dating Patterns Gallery Walk “Exhibit Creation” YOUR EXHIBIT MUST HAVE VISUAL APPEAL & INCLUDE: The type of dating written in BOLD print. A brief description of the type of dating, including any relevant background/history. What dating pattern this type of dating falls under (traditional, contemporary, religious/conservative) AND EXPLANATION WHY. At least 2 examples from society (past or present) such as movies, literature, real-life. A list of positives and negatives associated (at least 3 each).

32. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

33. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Challenges of Adolescence Adolescents in American society experience a number of social challenges related to sexual behavior, drugs, and suicide. Teenagers who engage in early sexual activity face serious health challenges, including pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. Section 3 at a Glance

34. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Challenges of Adolescence Alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, drug use, and drug-related violence are persistent and widespread problems among teenagers. Suicide is a major challenge facing American teenagers, and the suicide rates for teens now exceed the suicide rates for the general population. Section 3 at a Glance (cont.)

35. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Reading Focus What are some of the main concerns about teenage sexual behavior? Why is teenage drug use such a problem in the United States? What social factors contribute to teenage suicide? Main Idea Adolescents face many difficult challenges, including issues related to sexual behavior, drugs, and suicide. Challenges of Adolescence

36. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. What are some of the difficult decisions that adolescents face in their lives?

37. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Traditional Sexual Values Some modern, preindustrial traditions encourage sexual experimentation as a preparation for marriage. Traditional American values from the Puritans and the Victorian age confine sexual activity to marriage. The Sexual Revolution During the 1960s and 1970s, the norms governing sexual behavior began to change. Birth control, youth counterculture, and the feminist movement encouraged changes. Various stages of romantic relationships are found on television and other mass media. Advertisers use the lure of sexuality to sell their products. Teenage Sexual Behavior

38. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. The Rate of Teenage Sexual Activity In 1970, 29 percent of unmarried American females between the ages of 15 and 19 were sexually active. By 1995, the rate had jumped to 50 percent. Birthrate among American teenagers is considerably higher than that for other industrialized countries. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention encourages abstinence, or voluntarily not engaging in sexual behavior. Influences on Early Sexual Activity Factors include: family income level, parents’ marital status, religious participation In general, teenagers from higher- income two-parent families have lower rates of sexual activity than teenagers from low-income one- parent families. Teenagers whose friends engage in pre-marital sex are more likely to do so themselves.

39. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Consequences of Early Sexual Activity Teenage pregnancy has negative consequences Babies have lower birth weights and are more likely to die within the first year of life Low high school completion rates for teen parents Lower lifetime earnings Children more likely to experience learning disabilities Significant emotional stress Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) High rates of human papillomavirus (HPV), chlamydia, genital herpes Exposure to syphilis, gonorrhea, and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) Studies show teenagers are aware of the dangers of HIV/AIDS and other STDs, yet few teenagers think that they are personally at risk.

40. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Answer: possible answers—increase in teen sexual activity, influenced by social and economic factors or by subcultural factors, about one million teen pregnancies each year with negative consequences, increase in STDs Find the Main Idea What are some basic facts about teenage sexual behavior? Reading Check

41. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

42. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. A drug is any substance that changes mood, behavior, or consciousness. Some are legal while others are illegal. There are social consequences to drug use. Drug-related crime increased during the 1980s and 1990s. Violence was often part of turf wars between rival gangs. Crack cocaine is the drug most associated with violent crime. Drug Violence Teenage Drug Use Marijuana is the most commonly used illegal drug among teens. About 70 percent of high school seniors have used alcohol. The United States has the highest rate of teen drug use. The Rate of Teenage Drug Use

43. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Teenage Attitudes Toward Drug Use Knowledge of danger of drugs has increased Disapproval rating of marijuana and cigarettes has increased Disapproval rating of LSD, cocaine, heroin, amphetamines, and barbiturates remain at 90 to 98 percent Influences on Teenage Drug Use Having friends who regularly engage in drug use Having social and academic adjustment problems Living in a hostile and rejecting family setting

44. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

45. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Answer: Use of alcohol, cigarettes, and illegal drugs gradually declined after 1997. Sequence How has teenage drug use in the United States changed over time? Reading Check

46. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. The rate of teenage suicide has more than doubled in the last three decades. Suicide is the third leading cause of death for people aged 5 to 24. Durkheim studied social aspects of suicide. Groups with especially high or especially low levels of “social integration” are more likely to commit suicide. The Sociological View of Suicide Teenage Suicide For some teenagers, the self- doubt and confusion of adolescence are blown out of proportion and solutions to problems are obscured. Social isolation and weakening social bonds can lead to suicide. Teenage Suicide

47. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

48. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Getting Help from Society Suicide is not the answer to a temporary problem. Learning to cope and manage pain and sadness is an important part of human development. Ask for help. Do not ignore the problem. Anyone who is suicidal needs professional help. Most cities have a variety of health organizations that offer services to people in need.

49. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Answer: alcohol or drug use, triggering events, age, sex, population density, family relations, cluster effects (any three) Identify Supporting Details What are three factors that can contribute to teenage suicide? Reading Check

50. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Bullying Bullying is an intentional behavior that is meant to hurt and dominate another person. It includes verbal and physical abuse, as well as cyberbullying—using electronic means to torment, threaten, harass, humiliate, embarrass, or otherwise target another. Sociology in Today’s World Some Web sites have measures in place to prevent cyberbullying. Cyberbullying allows bullies to send harassing messages and pictures that can reach victims at home and at any time. Bullying leads to a decline in social standards of behavior. Many schools hold a “Bully Awareness Week” to help victims identify bullying. There are media campaigns to stop bullying. Parents and teens are becoming more aware of and reporting the problem.

51. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

52. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Thinking Critically How is bullying more than teasing? What else do you think school officials should do to prevent bullying?

53. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Creating a Drug Awareness Campaign What is the best way to educate adolescents about the dangers of drug use? In this lab you will create a drug awareness campaign. Work in groups to research a particular drug. 1. Introduction Lab: Applying What You’ve Learned As a group, write a description of your assigned drug. Include the following information: name(s), method of taking, short and long term effects and dangers, statistical trends, and a chart. 2. Writing a Drug Profile

54. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

55. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

56. The Adolescent in Society Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. 3. The Anti-Drug Poster Work with your group to design a poster that illustrates the danger of your assigned drug. Include a description or illustration that reveals the dangers of the drug. 4. Presenting Your Poster Give an overview of what your group has learned about your assigned drug. Present your poster to the class. 5. Discussion What did you learn from this lab? As a group, discuss the following: How successful was the class at creating posters? Which elements from each group were most effective? Which drugs present the greatest challenge to teens? What other media could be used to warn teens of the dangers of drugs?