1. Marine Vertebrate Zoology Vertebrate Ancestry How did it all begin?

2. Vertebrate Ancestry 2 Invertebrate Origin  A great division in the invertebrate world occurred creating two distinct evolutionary lines: Early Invertebrate First Branch - Annelids - Molluscs - Arthropods Second Branch - Bryozoans - Brachiopods - Echinoderms - Chordates (hydra? sea anenome?)

3. Vertebrate Ancestry 3 Invertebrate Origin Deutrostome Protostome

4. Vertebrate Ancestry 4

5. 5 Chordates  Characteristics of all chordates: 1.Notochord 2.Hollow nerve cord 3.Pharyngeal gill slits 4.Post anal tail

6. Vertebrate Ancestry 6 Phylum Chordata  Subphylum Hemichordata Acorn worms  Subphylum Urochordata Tunicates  Subphylum Cephalochordata Amphioxus (Lancelets)  Subphylum Vertebrata Fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals

7. Vertebrate Ancestry 7 Geological Record  Our understanding of taxonomy and systematics and the appearance of life on earth is based upon fossil remains.  To grasp the magnitude of the geological record it is divided into Eras, which are divided into periods, and divided further into epochs Paleozoic600 - 280 million years Mesozoic225 - 136 million years Cenozoic 65 million years - to the present

8. Vertebrate Family Tree **

9. Amphibians

10. Reptiles & Birds

11. Mammals