1. Strategies of Life Chapter 20 Great Idea: Living things use many different strategies to deal with the problems of acquiring and using matter and energy

2. Chapter Outline The Organization of Living Things What is Life Classifying Living Things Survival: A New Look at the Life Around You Strategies of Fungi Strategies of Plants Strategies of Animals

3. The Organization of Living Things

4. Ways of Thinking About Living Things Levels –Biosphere –Ecosystem –Community –Population –Organism –Anatomy & physiology –Cellular –Molecular All levels complement each other

5. What Is Life?

6. The Characteristics of Life High degree of order and complexity Part of larger systems of matter and energy Life depends on chemical reactions in cells Life requires liquid water Organisms grow and develop Regulate energy use Share same genetic code, code is heritable All living things are descended from a common ancestor

7. Classifying Living Things

8. Cataloging Life Linnaean classification –Shared characteristics Hierarchy –Kingdom –Phylum –Class –Order –Family –Genus –Species Binomial nomenclature

9. Classifying Life cont. Kingdoms –Monera –Protista –Fungi –Plants –Animals

10. Classifying Human Beings Kingdom: Animals Phylum: Chordates –Subphylum: vertebrates Class: Mammals Order: Primates Family: Hominid Genus: Homo Species: sapien

11. Implications of Linnaean Classification Use of DNA Similarity depends on time and change Classification results from real events

12. Survival: A New Look at the Life Around You

13. Autotrophs Heterotrophs Dealing with complexity Two basic tasks –Obtain and distribute molecules for energy –Reproduce

14. Strategies of Fungi

15. Growth –Filaments –Decomposers Structure –Mass of filaments Reproduction –Break filaments –Asexual reproduction spores Lichens –Two interdependent species

16. Strategies of Plants

17. The Simplest Plants Phylum: Bryophytes Structure –No roots –Photosynthetic Reproduction –Sexual –Asexual

18. Vascular Plants Phylum: vascular plants Structure –Roots, stems, leaves –Control water loss Reproduction –Seedless –Gymnosperms –Angiosperms Sexual and asexual

19. Angiosperm

20. Strategies of Animals

22. Invertebrates –No backbone –Most diverse animals Arthropods –70% of known animal species Structure –exoskeleton

23. Vertebrates Organization –Ocean to terrestrial Evolution –Earliest fish –Bony Fish –Amphibians –Reptiles –Birds –Mammals