1. Classifying Organisms
Chapter 7
Classifying Organisms

2. How do scientists classify organisms?
Chapter 7 Lesson 1
How do scientists classify organisms?

3. Kingdom – largest group in the biological classification system.
Dichotomous Key: a tool that uses a series of questions to identify organisms

4. 6 Kingdoms
eubacteria
archaebacteria
protist
fungi
plants
animals

5. Which organism has 2 kingdoms?
bacteria
What are the 2 types of bacteria?
archaebacteria (ancient)
&
eubacteria
(most common)

6. Archaebacteria & Eubacteria
smallest organism
have a single cell
do NOT have a nucleus
most numerous kind of organism
ex: cocci, bacilli, spirochetes
Protists
may have a single cell or multi-cells
has a nucleus
have similar characteristics to fungi, plants, or animals
ex: protozoa, algae, slime mold
Fungi
has a nucleus
absorbs their food and breaks down other organisms
grows quickly and reproduces through spores.

7. Chapter 7 Lesson 2
How are plants classified?

8. Big Idea:
All plants are multicellular. Almost all make their own food using the Sun’s energy. Plants are classified according to the ways they transport water and reproduce.

9. Plant Kingdom
multi-celled
have tissue & organs
have cell walls & chloroplasts
make their own food
Plant adaptation: characteristic that allows a plant to survive.
cactus thick waxy skin holds water
spines protects

10. Plant Kingdom Nonvascular Vascular seed seedless
(absorbs water; must live near water)
ex: moss
(tube transports water &
gives support)
seed
seedless
Gymnosperms
(produces seeds)
Angiosperms
(produces flowers)
Ferns
(has spores)

11. How are animals classified?
Lesson 3
How are animals classified?

12. Animal Kingdom
have many
need
eat
most move
most reproduce
cells
oxygen
food
from place to place
sexually
Animal Kingdom
Invertebrates:
no backbone
Vertebrates:
have a backbone

13. Invertebrates
largest number of animal species
have different kind of body symmetries
Symmetry: matching forms on opposite sides of a dividing line
Bilateral: (straight down the middle) ex: butterfly
Radial: (repeats around a center) ex: starfish

14. Invertebrates Examples
Cnidarians =
Echinoderms =
Arthropods =
Mollusks =
Worms =
jellyfish, coral
starfish, sea urchin
lobster, crab, insects
clam, snail, octopus
flatworm, earthworm

15. Vertebrates
may be cold-blooded or hot-blooded – this relates to how an animal maintains its body temperature
Cold-blooded – body temperature depends on the environment outside the body
Fish
Amphibians: begins life in water, but lives partly on land
examples: frog, toad
Reptiles
examples: snake, alligator
Warm-blooded – inside body temperature stays the same
Birds
Mammals
examples: human, bear, lion

16. Animal Kingdom Invertebrates Vertebrates cnidarians echinoderms
arthropods
mollusks
worms
cold-blooded
warm-blooded
fish
amphibians
reptiles
birds
mammals

17. Study Guide Animals that have a backbone are called ________________ .
______________ are animal-like protists.
The tool used to identify organisms based on contrasting pairs of characteristics is __________________.
______________ are vertebrates with smooth, moist skin that begins life in the water, but live part of the time on land.
The highest level of biological classification is _____________.
Animals that do not have a backbone are called __________________.
vertebrates
Protozoa
dichotomous key
Amphibians
kingdom
invertebrates

18. Gymnosperms produce reproductive structures called __________.
Single-celled organisms whose cells do not contain nuclei are called __________________.
Fungi obtain food by ____________________.
Define vascular: _____________________________________
Define nonvascular: __________________________________
Name 3 protists groups:
cones
bacteria
absorbing nutrients from the environment.
has a water transport system
does not have a water transport system; absorbs nutrients
Protozoa (animal-like)
Algae (plant-like)
Slime mold (fungus-like)

19. 13. Six Kingdoms of Classification
eubacteria
archaebacteria
protists
fungi
plants
animals

20. 14. How are plants and fungi different?
Plants make their own food. Fungi absorbs nutrients from the environment.
15. Compare & contrast angiosperms and gymnosperms?
Angiosperm produces fruits & flowers.
Gymnosperm produces cones/seeds.
Both are vascular plants & have seeds.