1. Unit 5 Cell Structure and Function Chapter 7

2. The Cell Theory All living things are composed of cells Basic units of structure and function in living things Cells are produced from existing cells

3. Categories of Cells Type 1 – Prokaryotes No Nucleus Example - Bacteria

4. Categories of Cells Type 2 – Eukaryotes Has a Nucleus Example – Plant, Animal, fungi

5. Types of Cells in the Human Body

7. Two Types of Eukaryotes – Animal and Plant Cell

8. Cell Structures in common Cell MembraneNucleusRibosome Endoplasmic Reticulum VacuolesMitochondria

9. Nucleus Controls most of cells processes Contains genetic information-DNA Chromosomes inside nucleus are the threadlike structures containing genetic information

10. Ribosomes Makes proteins for cell Instructions come from the nucleus

11. Endoplasmic Reticulum Synthesizing, packaging and transporting of proteins Two types – rough ER and smooth ER Network of membranes

12. Golgi Apparatus Packaging system Takes small molecules and makes larger ones then stores them Proteins

13. Vacuoles Storage areas for water, salt, proteins, carbohydrates

14. Mitochondria Synthesis and release of energy Powerhouse of cell

15. Cell Membrane Allows movement of materials in and out of cell

16. Cell Wall (Plant Only) Provides support, protection and structure for plant cell

17. Chloroplast (Plant Only) Site of photosynthesis

18. Cell Membrane Regulates what enters and exits the cell Provides protection and support Semi-permeable – allows small substances through and keeps larger substances out Made of lipids and proteins

19. Cell Membrane

20. Types of Movement through the Cell Membrane Active TransportPassive Transport

21. Diffusion – substance moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Concentration means the amount substance in a given area No energy required

22. Passive Transport Osmosis – diffusion of water through the cell membrane

23. Effects of Osmosis Water will move in the direction where there is a high concentration of solute (low concentration of water ) Salt Sucks – Salt is a solute, when it is concentrated inside or outside the cell, it will draw the water in its direction. This is also why you get thirsty after eating something salty.

24. Isotonic solution If the concentration of solute (salt) is equal on both sides, the water will move back in forth but it won't have any result on the overall amount of water on either side. "ISO" means the same

25. Hypotonic Solution The word "HYPO" means less, in this case there are less solute (salt) molecules outside the cell, since salt sucks, water will move into the cell. The cell will gain water and grow larger. In plant cells, the central vacuoles will fill and the plant becomes stiff and rigid, the cell wall keeps the plant from bursting In animal cells, the cell may be in danger of bursting, organelles called CONTRACTILE VACUOLES will pump water out of the cell to prevent this.

26. Hypertonic Solution The word "HYPER" means more, in this case there are more solute (salt) molecules outside the cell, which causes the water to be sucked in that direction. In plant cells, the central vacuole loses water and the cells shrink, causing wilting. In animal cells, the cells also shrink. In both cases, the cell may die.

27. Effects of Osmosis

28. Active Transport Movement through a membrane that requires energy

29. Diversity of Cellular Life

30. Cell Specialization – when a group of cells work together to perform a specific job

31. Levels of Organization