1. Factors affecting Basal Metabolic Rate
Metabolism
Factors affecting Basal Metabolic Rate

2. Definition – Basal Metabolic Rates
Amount of energy required by the body to carry on its vital body processes at rest.
Body processes: respiration, circulation, glandular activity, cellular activity, and maintenance of body temperature.

3. Calculating BMR Calculate weight in kg.
divide your body weight in pounds by 2.2
Then multiply body weight I kg by 24 hours. This is your BMR
This is the minimal amount of calories you need per day to maintain metabolism.

4. Metabolic Rates?

5. GENETICS
2 biological parents over weight – 80% chance of overweight children
1 biological parent overweight – 40% chance of overweight children

6. AGE After the age of 25 the body slowly declines in health
Creeping obesity may occur
Muscles atrophy, metabolism drops, fat % increases.

7. SURFACE AREA
Tall, slender people expend more energy maintaining body heat than small, round people.
Metabolic rate increases to keep body warm

8. ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE
Exercising or working in extreme temperatures burns more energy thus increases metabolic rate

9. Hormones
Thyroid gland produces a hormone – thyroxin which stabilizes weight
Huge change in weight without a change in diet or exercise – have thyroid check

10. Fasting / Dieting Body thinks it is going into starvation so…..
Metabolism decreases so calories are stored as fat
Breakdown of muscle tissue for energy

11. MENOPAUSE
During the last 14 days of the menstrual cycle a women burns more calories a day
Once menopause starts, a woman can gain 10 lbs per year if activity level does not increase

12. Metabolic Theories
Weight Management

13. Fat Cell Theory
Cell number
Cell size

14. BROWN/WHITE FAT Beta(brown) / Alpha(white) Types of Fat Cells
BETA – BROWN – BELLY
-breaks down easily, dangerous, increases heart disease
ALPHA- WHITE -BUTTOCKS
-holds on to energy stores except during lactation

15. SET POINT THEORY Genetics sets your weight.
Body maintains its normal weight and body fat with an internal “thermostat” which controls the amount of fat on the body.
High versus low setting
Despite changes in dietary and exercise habits, the body tends to return to its “old” weight.
Body is comfortable around a certain weight and will fight to maintain that weight.
Difficult to lose weight especially the last 5-10 pounds.
Once weight loss occurs one must maintain the lost weight for 18 months to 3 years. Then must continue the lifestyle change.

16. Lifestyle Theory
People regain their weight as they regain their lifestyles – 2/3rd gain back the weight.
The more weight you’d like to permanently lose, the more of your lifestyle you’ll need to permanently change.

17. YO-YO Diet Theory
Dieting causes muscle mass to decrease thus decreasing metabolism.
Weight loss is due to water loss and muscle loss.
Once one begins to eat “normal” again weight gain occurs due to decreased metabolism
* No quick fix!
* Must change dietary and exercise habits for life!