1. A Brief Introduction to John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men1

2. Objectives
By then end of today’s class, I will have a better understanding of:
The Great Depression and the 1930’s
The characteristics of a novel
The historical and literary context of Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck

3. The Great Depression

4. Consequently, many people found themselves broke and humiliated.
Stock market crashed on October 29, 1929
Known as “Black Friday”
While it was devastating, most people didn’t realize the effect it would have the country
One of the biggest problems was that there was no money to replenish what had already been borrowed
Consequently, many people found themselves broke and humiliated.

5. one must know a little bit about
To Understand the 1930’s…
one must know a little bit about

6. The Roaring 20’s The new concept of “credit” People were buying:
Automobiles
Appliances
Clothes
Fun times reigned
Dancing
Flappers
Drinking

7. So, why was this bad? Credit system WWI
People didn’t really have the money they were spending
WWI
The U.S. was a major credit loaner to other nations in need
Many of these nations could not pay us back

8. The Stock Market People bought stocks on margins
If a stock is $100 you could pay $10 now and the rest later when the stock rose
Stocks fall
But when the stock falls, you have less than $100 and no money to pay back the extra you owe

9. To Make Matters Worse….
People started panicking about their money, and investors tried to sell their stocks
This lead to a huge decline in stocks
Stocks became worthless virtually overnight
People who bought on “margins” now could not pay their debts
Additionally, the “investors” were simply average people – who became very broke people.

10. And Then there was Hoover….
Herbert Hoover, who was president at the start of the Great Depression had an interesting philosophy:
Don’t worry, we’ll make it!
So, here’s what he did to help solve the problem:
Nothing
The poor were looking for help and had no ideas on how to find it

11. What about the People? Farmers felt the effects nearly immediately
Prices of crops went down
Many farms foreclosed
People could not afford luxuries
Factories shut down
Businesses had to close
Banks could not give people back their money
People could not pay their taxes
Schools shut down due to lack of funds
Many families became homeless and had to live in shanties

13. Many people waited in unemployment lines hoping for a job.

14. People in cities would wait in line for bread to bring to their family.

15. Some families were forced to relocate because they had no money.

16. “Hooverville” Some families were forced to live in shanty towns
A grouping of shacks and tents in vacant lots
They were referred to as “Hooverville” because of President Hoover’s lack of help during the depression.

18. And then, came the DUST.

20. Dust storm in early 1930’s 20

21. The Dust Bowl Wall of dust from storm in early 30’s.
Look similar to a wall cloud or tsunami 21

22. The Dust Bowl Dust storms were often called “black blizzards.”
This one was in South Dakota, 1934 22

23. The Dust Bowl
Oklahoma 23

24. The South was Buried
Due to severe drought and high wind storms, crops turned to dust. This meant there was no food to be sent out
Homes were buried
Fields blew away
The South was in state of emergency
Dust Bowl the #1 weather crisis of the 20th century

25. Two Families During the Depression

26. A Farm Foreclosure

27. California here we come…
The road taken to California is still we travelled: Route 66
People travelled westward to California to look for work on Route 66.
Ask students how they can tell that this woman did not always live in poverty –clothes, car, etc.
Stress that Great Depression did not just affect people who were lower class, but people who had, at one point, been higher class 27

28. California here we come…
Travelling west on Route 66 28

29. California here we come…
People took everything they could fit in their cars/wagons and had to leave everything else behind. 29

30. Tough Times…
Same family from first photograph. This woman had 5 or six children. This is similar to a tent you’d see in a Hooverville. 30

31. Tough Times… Same family from first photograph
When people couldn’t find work, sometimes there was nothing else to do but sit around 31

32. Tough Times…
Hooverville 32

33. Migrant Workers… on the road again
IF you didn’t have a car, most of your westward travels were on foot. Luckily, this family had a wagon for their child who was too young to walk 33

34. Migrant Workers… on the road again
Migrant workers – Lenny and George did this kind of work in the fields
Stress that it was grueling and backbreaking 34

35. Migrant Workers… on the road again35

36. Then, a Hero Emerged from the Dust and Darkness…
When he was inaugurated unemployment had increased by 7 million.
Poor sections, like Harlem, had a 50% unemployment rate
FDR initiated the “New Deal”

37. What you MUST Remember is…
People everywhere were effected by the depression
It wasn’t until President Roosevelt took over and tried to put the economy back together that people even saw a glimmer of hope

38. Of Mice and Men
a novel by John Steinbeck

39. A little bit about…Genre
Genre is a French term derived from the Latin genus, generis, meaning "type," "sort," or "kind."
It designates the literary form or type into which works are classified according to what they have in common, either in structure or in subject matter, or both.
The study of genres may be of value in three ways:
On the simplest level, grouping literature into genres offers us an orderly way to talk about an otherwise bewildering number of literary texts.
More importantly, if we recognize the genre of a text, we may also have a better idea of its intended overall structure and/or subject.
Finally, a genre approach can deepen our sense of the value of any single text, by allowing us to view it comparatively, alongside many other texts of its type.

40. The Basics
Of Mice and Men is a novel – a fiction narrative written in prose – that was first published in 1937
Lennie and George are the protagonists, while Curley, 1930’s society, and the cruel, predatory nature of life serve as the antagonists
The story is told by a third person omniscient narrator who can access the point of view of any character in the narrative
The story chronicles the travel of two of Dust Bowl migrants - George and Lenny, who is based on a real person.
George and Lennie had worked on other farms, but had continuously been fired because of Lenny’s actions.
They dream of buying their own land and being their own bosses.

41. A little bit about… The Novel
A novel can be defined as prose fiction over 50,000 words.
Novels differ from short stories in their length and their emphasis on character development.
Novels often strive to depict and interpret human character with one or two well-rounded characters.
Commonly, the a novel’s purpose it to entertain and to give its readers a deeper understanding of life's problems.
One major characteristic of the novel is realism – a full and authentic report of human life.
Additionally, novels have a cohesive and believable plot structure, sharply individualized and believable characters, and an inclusive portrayal of reality

42. The Setting

43. The Movie

44. The Author John Steinbeck 1902-1968 Born in Salinas, California
Enrolled in Stanford University in 1919, but never earned a degree
Steinbeck worked the fields while in college picking strawberries, lettuce, sugar beets and broccoli
Published his first book Cup of Gold (1929), received first literary success in his book Tortilla Flats (1935)
awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1962

45. John Steinbeck

46. Any Questions?

47. Please open your books to page one