1. NEBOSH International General Certificate
Foundations in Health and Safety
IGC1 Element 1

2. Course Aims & Objectives
This course is designed to provide delegates with the ability to:
Discuss the moral, social and economic reasons for maintaining and promoting health and safety
State the role of national governments and international bodies in formulating a framework for the regulation of health and safety
Identify the sources of information on health and safety
State the key elements of a health and safety management system

3. Health and Safety
Since 1950, the International Labour Organization (ILO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) have shared a common definition of occupational health.

4. Health and Safety
The definition reads: "Occupational health should aim at: the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations; the prevention amongst workers of departures from health caused by their working conditions; the protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors adverse to health; the placing and maintenance of the worker in an occupational environment adapted to his physiological and psychological capabilities; and, to summarize, the adaptation of work to man and of each man to his job."

5. Key Terms Health - A State of well being.
Safety – Absence of danger or physical harm.
Welfare – Facilities for workplace comfort.
Environmental Protection
- A measure used to prevent harm to the environment of the world

6. OHS Foundations Accident Dangerous Occurrence Near miss
Work related ill health
Hazard
Risk

7. Why Health and Safety?
Moral - An employee should not have to risk injury or death at work, nor should others associated with the work environment.

8. Why Health and Safety? Economic
Many governments realize that poor occupational safety and health performance results in cost to the State (e.g. through social security payments to the incapacitated, costs for medical treatment, and the loss of the "employability" of the worker).
Employing organizations also sustain costs in the event of an incident at work (such as legal fees, fines, compensatory damages, investigation time, lost production, lost goodwill from the workforce, from customers and from the wider community).

9. Why Health and Safety?
Legal - Occupational safety and health requirements may be reinforced in civil law and/or criminal law; it is accepted that without the extra "encouragement" of potential regulatory action or litigation, many organisation’s would not act upon their implied moral obligations.

10. Moral Prevent suffering and maintain quality of life
No-one should be expected to risk life and limb in return for a contract of employment

11. Health and life at work: A basic human right
Health and Safety at work today is a basic human right
A moral obligation:
The human costs are far beyond unacceptable. T
The cost of accidents and ill health amounts to an estimated 4 per cent of the World's GDP.
In the current global financial and economic crisis, this situation may even worsen.

12. Legal Qatar Labour Law Article 99…
Variety of other Acts and Regulations
Failures can lead to:
Enforcement notices
Prosecution
Civil actions for compensation

13. Is good health & safety good business?
“We recognise the importance of costing loss events as part of total safety management. Good safety is good business”
Dr. J Whiston, ICI Group SHE Manager

14. Is good health & safety good business?
“Safety is, without doubt, the most crucial investment we can make, and the question is not what it costs us, but what it saves.”
Robert McKee, Chairman Conoco (UK) Ltd.

15. Is good health & safety good business?
“Prevention is not only better, but cheaper than cure…Profits and safety are not in competition. On the contrary, safety at work is good business.”
Basil Butler, MD British Petroleum plc

16. Accident Costs Iceberg

17. Accident Costs Iceberg
Insurance Costs
Uninsured Costs

18. Insurance Costs Employers Liability Public Liability Product Liability
Motor Vehicle

19. Uninsured Costs Product and material damage Lost production time
Legal costs
Overtime & temporary labour
Investigation time/Administration
Supervisors time
Fines
Loss of expertise/experience
Loss of morale
Bad publicity

20. Piper Alpha
167 dead
Estimated cost of over £2 billion

21. Grangemouth BP refinery fire in 1987 One person died
Cost £50 million in property damage
Cost further £50 million due to business interruption

22. HSE Example Small engineering firm (15 workers)
Workers sleeve caught on rotating drill
Both bones in lower arm broken
12 days in hospital
Off work for 3 months
Admin duties for 5 months
Unable to operate machinery for 8 months
Managing Director Prosecuted
2 employees made redundant to prevent company going out of business

23. Total cost to business = £45000
Costs to Company
Wages for injured worker over period =
Lost production/remedial work required =
Overtime wages to cover lost production =
Wages for replacement worker =
Loss of time of manager/MD =
Legal expenses =
Fines and court costs =
Increase in Insurance Premiums =
£10000
£8000
£3000
£7000
£4000
£3000
£4000
£6000
Total cost to business = £45000

24. Typical Frameworks for regulating Health & Safety
National Policy
Regulation – Law
Standards – international, local
Enforcement
Monitoring and Review
Example: UK
Acts, Regulation,
ACOP’s, COP’s, Guidance, BSI,
HSE, HSC

25. International standards and conventions
ILO Labour Protection department – SAFEWORK
ILO Conventions, Recommendations and
Codes of Practice – accident reporting
Guidelines - ILO 2001
ISO
British Standards OHSAS 18001

26. International standards and conventions
Convention concerning Occupational Safety and Health and the Working Environment.
Not ratified in Qatar – interestingly UK has also not ratified C155

27. C155 Part 2 Principles of National Policy
Part 3 Action at a national level
Part 4 Action at the level of the undertaking

28. Legal Standards Shall Reasonable Practicable
So far as is ‘reasonably practicable’

29. C155 Governments responsible for; Setting national policy on OH&S
Effective inspection and enforcement of relevant legislation
Providing Guidance to employers

30. C155 Employers Shall be required to;
Ensure that, so far as is reasonably practicable, the workplaces, machinery, equipment and processes under their control are safe and without risk to health.

31. C155 Employers Shall be required to;
Ensure that, so far as is reasonably practicable, the chemical, physical and biological substances and agents under their control are without risk to health when the appropriate measures of protection are taken.

32. C155 Employers Shall be required to;
Provide, where necessary, adequate protective clothing and protective equipment to prevent, so far as is reasonably practicable, risk of accidents or of adverse effects on health.

33. C155
Whenever two or more undertakings engage in activities simultaneously at one workplace, they shall collaborate in applying the requirements of this Convention.

34. C155 Employers shall be required to;
Provide, where necessary, for measures to deal with emergencies and accidents, including adequate first-aid arrangements.

35. C155 There shall be arrangements under which- Cooperate with Employer.
Safety Representation
Information
Training
Reporting to employer

36. C155 Employers shall be required to;
Co-operation between management and workers and/or their representatives
Occupational safety and health measures shall not involve any expenditure for the workers.

37. Group work
In your groups discuss the different sources of information available to Health and Safety Professionals

38. Sources of information
Internal
External
Primary
Secondary