1. PISA2006 LEVEL/BALANCE JARKKO HAUTAMÄKI PATRIK SCHEININ SEPPO LAAKSONEN UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI WWW.PISA2006.HELSINKI.FI WWW.HELSINKI.FI/CEA Revised 07.09.2008

2. LEVEL The value of the 1st principal component of 15 (5+5+5) plausible values for PISAscience, PISAmath, and PISAreading literacies Interpretation: the higher the value, the better PISA competence 80 % explanation of the total variance

3. BALANCE The value of the 2nd principal component of 15 (5+5+5) plausible values for PISAscience, PISAmath, and PISAreading literacies Interpretation: positive values refer to a relative dominance of reading literacy, negative values to a relative dominance of math literacy, and values around zero refer to a harmony of reading and math competencies 8 % explanation of the total variance

12. CountryICCLevel Finland0.080.83 Hong Kong-China0.440.72 Korea0.430.72 Canada0.230.60 Chinese Taipei0.540.57 New Zealand0.180.55 Netherlands0.690.51 Australia0.220.50 Liechtenstein0.520.49 Japan0.570.48 Estonia0.280.46 Switzerland0.400.44

13. Belgium0.590.41 Macao-China0.300.40 Ireland0.210.39 Slovenia0.710.36 Germany0.680.35 Sweden0.150.34 Austria0.610.32 Czech Republic0.610.32 United Kingdom0.240.32 Denmark0.180.31 Poland0.160.30 Iceland0.110.24 France0.640.23 Hungary0.720.22 Norway0.120.17

14. Luxembourg0.350.15 Latvia0.250.15 Slovak Republic0.530.12 Lithuania0.340.11 United States0.270.11 Croatia0.470.09 Spain0.170.06 Portugal0.380.01 Italy0.60-0.02 Russian Federation0.35-0.05 Greece0.54-0.06 Israel0.41-0.26 Turkey0.61-0.39 Chile0.62-0.40 Serbia0.50-0.46

15. Uruguay0.52-0.48 Thailand0.46-0.53 Bulgaria0.61-0.54 Romania0.61-0.61 Mexico0.52-0.62 Azerbaijan0.58-0.67 Jordan0.29-0.69 Montenegro0.34-0.70 Indonesia0.59-0.79 Brazil0.58-0.87 Argentina0.59-0.89 Colombia0.43-0.90 Tunisia0.59-0.94 Qatar0.61-1.45 Kyrgyzstan0.51-1.66

16. Two-level variance component model for with level and balance/profile score in Finland, baseline models (MLwiN)(within Finland) Fixed effectLevelBalance Intercept.065.003 s.e..022.029 Random effect Between_school.051.109 Within_school.607.746 ICC.078.127 Nschools156156 Nstudents47144714