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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Small Commercial Windows and Insulation Ryan Firestone, Wayne Leonard, and Danielle Gidding January, 2011
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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 2 The Plan for Commercial Weatherization Goal Approval of provisionally deemed measures and research plan November RTF Conclusions – Deemed savings will require rigorous modeling approach and narrowly defined measures SEEM may be appropriate for residential-type construction eQUEST/DOE2 would be an appropriate platform for larger more complicated buildings. Today Review current deemed measures Building characterization Model Calibration Savings results and cost effectiveness
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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 3 Subcommittee Review Subcommittee Meeting Thursday, January 27 th Attendees: Adam Hadley, Ryan Firestone, Danielle Gidding, Wayne Leonard, Mira Vowels, Adam Hadley, Tim Steele, Ray Hartwell, Irfan Rehmanji, Sheree Willhigte, Eric Boyer, Ryan Fedie (3pm), Carrie Nelson, Lauren Gage Topics discussed Review of model inputs Infiltration credit Ordering of model inputs (first in, last in) Measure Costs Internal gains Recommendation Provisionally deem with research plan
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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Changes in Response to Subcommittee Meeting Reduced HVAC equipment size (sized to 40° ∆T, based on whole building UA) Subtracted window area from wall area Confirmed that ducts are in crawl space for crawl space model Confirmed that the “no insulation” cases are the same values as the residential analysis Allows for minimal insulation existing Adjust SHG for windows to match residential analysis Adjust ACH from 1.72 to 0.75 Consider two windows cases: one with no ACH change, one with a 0.2 cfm/sq ft reduction
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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Current Deemed Commercial Window Measures 5
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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Current Deemed Commercial Insulation Measures 6 Current PTR savings and cost. Lifetime reduced to 20 years. Resulting 6th Plan cost effectiveness
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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 7 Residential-type Construction Proposed Measures “Residential-type” Up to 5,000 sq. ft. Wood frame and wood exterior Measures Windows, Shop-built – Single Pane to U0.30 (Energy Star) Windows, Site-built – Single Pane to U0.30 Attic Insulation– R0 to R38 Walls Insulation– R0 to R11 Underfloor Insulation– R0 to R30 Slab on Grade Perimeter – R0 to R10
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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 8 Commercial Weatherization Methodology 1) Characterize residential type commercial buildings CBSA Fill in data gaps as necessary – CA CEUS (for non-HVAC EUI) 2) Identify appropriate modeling platform SEEM, for residential-type construction 3) Calibrate model to match annual energy use intensities non-HVAC EUI, whole building EUI, and monthly loads Adjust HVAC setpoints and schedules, infiltration, heat gain 4) Define measure and base cases “last-in” assumption – base case is all measures in and sealed ducts “first-in” assumption – base case is no insulation, single pane windows, imperfect ducts 5) Define measure identifiers and weighting Location – Portland, Seattle, Boise, Spokane, Kalispell Building size – {1,500 ft 2, 3,000 ft 2, 5,000 ft 2 } Heating type – {electric resistance, heat pump ( 5 control strategies)} 6) Results SEEM results, 6 th Plan costs, ProCost
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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 9 SEEM Analysis Availability of established, easy to use simulation (SEEM) for analysis Examine effect of building size, heating type, and measure ordering on savings RTF familiarity Relatively inexpensive to conduct analysis with Good first run of methodology Appropriate for residential-type construction Limitations schedule internal loads weekend/weekday distinction construction type thermal mass of walls Limitations of current deemed analysis: EZSim, based only on 1,100 ft 2 building models, resistance heat
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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 10 Building Characterization SEEM applicability wood frame/wood surface buildings under 5,000 sq. ft. Heating electric resistance heat pump (use battery of control strategies and weighting from RTF residential analyses) Business type office, retail (majority of small wood buildings can be characterized as one of these)
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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N ≤5,000 sq ft, wood, office and retail Not much significant difference between small office and small retail EUI Estimation Model: For same size buildings, no statistically significant difference in EUI 11 CBSA Building Characterization
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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N CA CEUS EUIs (kWh/sq ft/year), all-electric buildings 12 Non-HVAC EUI Building Characterization
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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 13 Model Calibration Consider CBSA building characteristics CBSA load profiles CBSA EUI (whole building) CA CEUS EUI (non-HVAC) Calibration Levers Space conditioning setpoints and schedules R-values (walls, ceiling) Air changes per hour
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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 14 Model Calibration Occupancy Parameters
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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 15 Model Calibration Equipment Parameters
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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 16 Model Calibration Duct Parameters
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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 17 Model Calibration – Envelope Parameters
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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 18 Model Calibration – Foundation Parameters
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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 19 Model Calibration Infiltration Parameters
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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 20 Analysis Location {Boise, Kalispell, Missoula, Portland, Seattle, Spokane} – weighted averages for each heating zone Building Size {1,500 ft 2, 3,000 ft 2, 4,500 ft 2 } Heating Type {resistance, heat pump} Use weighted average of residential battery of controls for heat pump Measure Order Last measure in First measure in
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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 21 Additional Details Two window measures models 1.ACH is constant (0.75) 2.ACH reduced by window measure Windows from 0.5 cfm/sq ft to 0.3 cfm/sq ft (ACH 0.49 to 0.60) Two baseline models: Slab on grade – used for all measures except underfloor Crawlspace – used for underfloor insulation measure. Ducts moved from attic to crawlspace
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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 22 Analysis – Weighting of Savings
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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 23 Measure Ordering Last-in analysis - upgrade calibrated model to fully retrofitted Perfect ducts Windows - U0.30 Walls - R11 Attic - R38 Underfloor - R30 (separate model with crawlspace) Perimeter – R10 First in analysis – downgrade calibrated model Windows – U0.90 (single pane) No insulation
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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N First/Last-In Analysis for Commercial Weatherization Last Measure In Most conservative savings results Low savings are a potential programmatic barrier to achieving savings Not representative of actual commercial building savings Likely that converted houses not fully retrofitted Many EE measures not offered in small commercial to double count savings First-in analysis done to compare savings results Requesting input from subcommittee on input parameter values and first/last in assumptions
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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 25 Last-In Analysis – Energy Savings
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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 26 First-In Analysis – Energy Savings
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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 27 Comparison Analysis – Last In savings as a percentage of First In savings
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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 28 Analysis – Cost and Lifetime Cost Lifetime – 20 years to account for commercial building turnover and renovation (40 for residential windows and insulation)
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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 29 Cost Effectiveness 6 th Plan ProCost TRC B/C Ratio Heating and cooling savings disaggregated to apply different load shapes in ProCost (CommHeat, Comm Cool) Values in pink have a cost-effectiveness greater than or equal to one. Last In First In
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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 30 Sensitivity – Internal Gains Last-in total savings (heating and cooling) for 50%, 100%, and 200% of base case internal gains 50% 100% 200%
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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N 31 Sensitivity – Internal Gains Last-in TRC B/C for 50%, 100%, and 200% of base case internal gains 50% 100% 200%
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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Measure Summary 32
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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Measure Summary 33
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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Measure Summary 34
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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Measure Summary 35
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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Proposal 36 Provisionally Deem Measures (2 year sunset date) Windows, Shop-built – Single Pane to U0.30 (Energy Star) Option 1) with ACH reduction Option 2) without ACH reduction Windows, Site-built – Single Pane to U0.30 Attic Insulation– R0 to R38 Walls Insulation– R0 to R11 Underfloor Insulation– R0 to R30 Slab on Grade Perimeter – R0 to R10
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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Proposal Cont. 37 Measure ordering Option 1: Last-In Option 2: First In Option 3: Intermediate Eligible to all “Residential-type” commercial buildings Up to 5,000 sq. ft. Wood frame and wood exterior Heating: electric resistance or heat pump Research Plan for Provisional Deeming
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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Research Plan based on Subcommittee Comments 38 Infiltration Levels Question: What are infiltration levels after window installation? Research: Billing history analysis for heating and non-heating loads Post-installation blower door testing on sample of retrofitted buildings Insulation Baseline for Windows Question: what is baseline insulation in buildings for attic and floors? Research: Collect data during installation of baseline insulation Internal Gains Question: Do buildings have high internal gains? Research: Collect business type information from program participants
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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Back Up Slides
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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Detailed Measure TRC – First In
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B O N N E V I L L E P O W E R A D M I N I S T R A T I O N Detailed Measure TRC – Last In
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