All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, Albrecht Schwarz Sigtran Introduction Disheng.chen.

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, SCTP VS TCP file 1 record 0 file 1 record 1 file 2 record 0 file 2 record 1 file 3 record 0 file 3 record 1 file 2 record 0 file 2 record 1 TCP connection SCTP association file 1 record 0 file 1 record 1 file 3 record 0 file 3 record 1 file 3 record 0 file 2 record 1 file 2 record 0 file 3 record 1 file 3 record 0 file 2 record 1 file 2 record 0 file 1 record 1 file 1 record 0 file 1 record 1 file 1 record 0 SCTP Endpoint A SCTP Endpoint B TCP Endpoint A TCP Endpoint B buffered received Stream 0 Stream 1 Stream 2

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, SCTP vs TCP ■ SCTP was designed to overcome the TCP head-of-line blocking problem with… ● …unordered delivery feature ● … multi-streaming ● … multi-homing ■ Reordering is done based on stream sequence numbers (SSN) separately for each stream ■ Number of incoming and outgoing streams is negotiated when association is established

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, SCTP Terminology (RFC2960, RFC3309, RFC4960) Transport Address a SCTP port + an IP address (IPV4/IPV6) Endpoint logical sender/receiver. a source port + one or more source IP + a dest port + one or more dest IP. Association a Connection between 2 endpoints. Path a route taken from one host to a specific destination transport address of its peer end point. a source port + a source IP + a dest port + a dest IP. Stream a unidirectional logical channel, usually with in-sequence delivery. Unordered delivery also possible. Chunck A unit of information within an SCTP packet, consisting of a chunk header and chunk-specific content.

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, SCTP Endpoint Own_ip:10.11.23.15 10.11.23.14 Remote_ip: 10.11.23.16 10.11.23.17 Own port: 2905 Remote port:2905 remote_ip:10.11.23.15 10.11.23.14 own_ip: 10.11.23.16 10.11.23.17 Own port: 2905 Remote port: 2905 MGC SG Associaton EndPoint1 EndPoint2

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, SCTP Packet Format Source PortDest.Port Checksum(CRC32C) 32Bit Verification Tag TypeFlagsLength Chunk specific Data TypeFlagsLength Chunk specific Data SCTP Common Header(12 Bytes) SCTP Chunk 1 (>=4 Bytes) IP-Proto:Ox84 SCTP Chunk n (>=4 Bytes) … …

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, SCTP important chunck types Association Setup Initiation(INIT):1 Initiation Acknowledgement(INIT ACK):2 State Cookie(COOKIE ECHO):10 Cookie Acknowledgement(COOKIE ACK):11 Association Teardown Abort(ABORT):6 Shutdown(SHUTDOWN):7 Shutdown Ackn. (SHUTDOWN ACK):8 Operation Error(ERROR):9 Data Transmission: Payload Data(DATA):0 Selective Acknowledgement(SACK):3 Path Management: Heartbeat Request(HEARTBEAT):4 Heartbeat Ackn. (HEARTBEAT ACK):5

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, SCTP data chunck ■ Data chunk carries two sequence numbers: ● 32 Bit Trans mission Sequence Number (TSN) used solely for reliable delivery ● 16 Bit Stream Sequence Number (SSN) used for reordering within a stream ■ Flags may be set for: ● Segmentation ● Unordered Delivery ■ Payload Protocol ID can be used to identify user application 1: IUA; 2: M2UA; 3: M3UA; 4: SUA; 5: M2PA; 6: V5UA; 10: DUA 32 Bit Flags: U B E TypeLength TSN Stream IDStream SN Payload Protocol ID User Data The (U)nordered bit, if set to '1', indicates that this is an unordered DATA chunk, and there is no Stream Sequence Number assigned to this DATA chunk. Therefore, the receiver MUST ignore the Stream Sequence Number field.

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, SCTP Association setup Host A Host B Resource Allocation INIT (List of IP addresses,A1,A2,… ） INIT ACK (Cookie, List of addresses,B1,B2, …) COOKIE ECHO (Cookie) COOKIE ACK

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, SCTP Association Teardown (Abort) ■ Two methods for termination of an association have been defined: ● Association Abort (see below) ● Graceful Termination Host A Host B association is gone ! ABORT(32 bit verification)

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, SCTP Association Teardown (Graceful) ■ Standard covers also all the pathological cases Host A Host B Flush Queues SHUTDOWN SHUTDOWN ACK SHUTDOWN COMPLETE Flush Queues CLOSE

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, SCTP stream concept For IUA/M2UA, Interface Identifier has a one to one relationship with a SS7 Link. Each message received is routed to the corresponding Stream.

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, SCTP Multihoming AS 0 IP address a’ IP address a ASP a IP address b’ IP address b ASP b IP address c’ IP address c ASP c AS 1 IP address x’ IP address x ASP x IP address y’ IP address y ASP y IP address z’ IP address z ASP z Signalling Gateway = multi-homing SCTP associations

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, SCTP Multihoming ■ each host selected one path as primary path ● say:A1-B1 and B3-A2 ■ carries main data load (except retransmissions) ■ idle paths are heart-beaten (~once in 30 secs) ■ path states can be active or inactive

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, SCTP Multihoming ■ one path fails: ■ A experiences ratrans mission timeouts ■ A increases a path error counter ■ so does B with its hearts-beats (slower!) ■ std. threshold for setting path inactive:5 ■ A will mark path to B1 inactive ■ retrans missions will go to another path( B2,B3 )

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, AS and ASP call server Web server Media Resource Server Vidio Server Application Server (AS) : A logical entity serving a specific application instance. Application Server Process (ASP) - A process instance of an Application Server.

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, SP A(PC: 1-1-1) ASP1(PC: 2-2-2) SP B(PC: 3-3-3) SS7 link Germany France A7510 SCTP association User Data MTP3 Route table: Number of routes : 4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Route-ID Network-ID DPC Direction(*) Protocol Cmblinkset-ID Restart ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 0 1-1-1 Down ITU 0 ITU92 1 0 3-3-3 Down ITU 2 ITU92 2 0 2-2-2 Up ITU 1 ITU92 3 0 4-4-4 IP ITU 3 ITU9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- OPC 1-1-1DPC 2-2-2 OPC 1-1-1DPC 2-2-2 MTP3 Cmblinkset 0 Cmblinkset 2 M3UA Route Filter Parameter (for M3UA packets sent to AS) --------------------------------------------------------- AS OPC OPC-Mask DPC DPC-Mask SLS SLS-Mask SIO SIO-Mask 1 1-1-1 14 2-2-2 0 0 4 0 4 2 3-3-3 14 4-4-4 0 0 4 0 4 ASP4(PC: 4-4-4) ASP2(PC: 2-2-2) ASP1 ASP2 AS1 ASP4 AS 2 M3UA Routing based on DPC (same rule can be applied to OPC) M3UA OPC 1-1-1DPC 4-4-4 OPC 1-1-1 DPC 4-4-4 OPC-Mask=14 means ignore the OPC field

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, SP A(PC: 1-1-1) ASP1(PC: 2-2-2) SP B(PC: 3-3-3) SS7 link Germany France A7510 SCTP association ISUP MTP3 Route table: Number of routes : 4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Route-ID Network-ID DPC Direction(*) Protocol Cmblinkset-ID Restart ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 0 1-1-1 Down ITU 0 ITU92 1 0 3-3-3 Down ITU 2 ITU92 2 0 2-2-2 Up ITU 1 ITU92 3 0 4-4-4 IP ITU 3 ITU92 4 0 7-9-8 down ITU 0 ITU92 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- OPC 1-1-1DPC 2-2-2 OPC 1-1-1DPC 4-4-4 MTP3 Cmblinkset 0 Cmblinkset 2 M3UA Route Filter Parameter (for M3UA packets sent to AS) --------------------------------------------------------- AS OPC OPC-Mask DPC DPC-Mask SLS SLS-Mask SIO SIO-Mask 1 1-1-1 14 2-2-2 0 0 4 5 0 2 3-3-3 14 4-4-4 0 0 4 3 0 ASP4(PC: 5-5-5) ASP2(PC: 2-2-2) ASP1 ASP2 AS1 ISUP ASP4 AS2 SCCP M3UA Routing based on Service Type M3UA SCCP Question: if DPC-Mask=0 for AS1 and AS2, what will happen? OPC 1-1-1 DPC 2-2-2 DPC-Mask=14 means ignore the DPC field Down: to tdm Up: to IP IP: to IP 7-9-8

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, SP A(PC: 1-1-1) SP B(PC: 3-3-3) SS7 link Germany France A7510 SCTP association ISUP MTP3 Route table: Number of routes : 4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Route-ID Network-ID DPC Direction(*) Protocol Cmblinkset-ID Restart ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 0 1-1-1 Down ITU 0 ITU92 1 0 3-3-3 Down ITU 2 ITU92 2 0 2-2-2 Up ITU 1 ITU92 3 0 5-5-5 IP ITU 3 ITU92 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- OPC 1-1-1DPC 2-2-2 OPC 1-1-1DPC 5-5-5 MTP3 Cmblinkset 0 Cmblinkset 2 M3UA Route Filter Parameter (for M3UA packets sent to AS) --------------------------------------------------------- AS OPC OPC-Mask DPC DPC-Mask SLS SLS-Mask SIO SIO-Mask 1 1-1-1 14 2-2-2 14 0 4 5 0 2 3-3-3 14 4-4-4 14 0 4 3 0 ASP2(PC: 2-2-2) 5-5-5 ASP2 AS1 ISUP M3UA Routing based on Service Type M3UA SCCP Question: if DPC-Mask=0 for AS1 and AS2, what will happen? DPC-Mask=14 means ignore the DPC field Down: to tdm Up: to IP IP: to IP

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, SP A(PC: 1-1-1) SGW(PC: 2-2-2) MGC(PC: 2-2-2) SP B(PC: 3-3-3) SS7 link Germany France A7510 SCTP association ISUP Route table: Number of routes : 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Route-ID Network-ID DPC Direction(*) Protocol Cmblinkset-ID Restart ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 0 1-1-1 Down ITU 0 ITU92 1 0 3-3-3 Down ITU 2 ITU92 2 0 2-2-2 Up ITU 1 ITU92 3 0 3-3-3 IP ITU ITU92 4 0 1-1-1 IP ITU ITU92 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- STP OPC 1-1-1DPC 3-3-3OPC 1-1-1DPC 3-3-3 OPC 1-1-1DPC 3-3-3 MTP3 Scope SGW1 Cmblinkset 0 Cmblinkset 2 M3UA Route Filter Parameter (for M3UA packets sent to AS) --------------------------------------------------------- AS OPC OPC-Mask DPC DPC-Mask SLS SLS-Mask SIO SIO-Mask 1 1-1-1 14 2-2-2 0 0 4 0 4 MTP3 Loopback routing : confused M3UA In the same network, the same DPC is configured for both TDM and IP direction, confused.

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, M3UA Terminology Routing Key - A set of SS7 parameters and parameter values that uniquely define the range of signalling traffic to be handled by an AS. A routing key is essentially a set of SS7 used to filter SS7 messages. Normally a routing key may be consist of : 1) DPC 2) SIO + DPC 3) SIO + DPC +OPC 4) SIO + DPC + OPC + SLS (CIC) 7510: 1) Routing key is named as route filter. 2) SIO is pationed into two parts: SSF + SI. 3) SSF is defined as m3ua network paramter. 4) SI is defined as route filter parameter.

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, M3UA Terminology Routing Context - A value that uniquely identifies a Routing Key. 7510 use AS id as routing context. Application Server (AS) - A logical entity serving a specific Routing Key. AS and Routing Key has a 1:1 relationship. 7510 is an SGP, it don’t provide any mtp3 user service, on 7510, AS is the image of MGC service entity. Signalling Process- A process instance that uses M3UA to communicate. with other signalling processes. on 7510, ASP is the image of remote ASP. ASP and SCTP association has a 1:1 relationship.

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, M3UA Terminology Network Appearance – an integer shared by SG and AS. Used to identifies the specific SS7 network that an SS7 node belongs to. 7510 use network id as network appearance. Signalling Point Management Cluster (SPMC) - The complete set of AS under a single MTP entity in a specific Network Appearance. SG may also be a member of SPMC. IP Server Process (IPSP) - A process instance of an IP-based application. Essentially same as an ASP, except that it uses M3UA in a point-to-point fashion

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, M3UA Application Model : SGP-ASP (7510 ) MTP2 MTP3 IP SCTP ASP MTP2 NIF SCTP IP Signalling Gateway IP SEP L1 MTP3 ISUP M3UA ISUP SG don’t provide any MTP3 User Service. SS7

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, M3UA Application Model: SGP Resident SCCP Layer MTP2 MTP3 IP SCTP MGC MTP2SCTP IP Signalling Gateway ethernet SEP/STP L1 MTP3 SCCP M3UA SCCP SG perform the SCCP Global Title Translation (GTT) function. E1/T1 SCCP USERSCCP

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, M3UA Architecture Model: mated SGs. SG 1 and SG 2 have the same Routing Key (they serve the same AS). ++ + + ++ + + + + + ++ + + ++ + + + + + + SEP OR STP SS7 links SG 1 “STP” * SG 2 “STP ” IP network ASPs Mtp2/M2PA

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, M3UA Message Class 0 Management (MGMT) Message 1 Transfer Messages 2 SS7 Signalling Network Management (SSNM) Messages 3 ASP State Maintenance (ASPSM) Messages 4 ASP Traffic Maintenance (ASPTM) Messages 5 Reserved for Other Sigtran Adaptation Layers 6 Reserved for Other Sigtran Adaptation Layers 7 Reserved for Other Sigtran Adaptation Layers 8 Reserved for Other Sigtran Adaptation Layers 9 Routing Key Management (RKM) Messages 10-127 Reserved by the IETF 128-255 Reserved for IETF-Defined Message Class extensions

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, M3UA and MTP3 mapping (Transfer message type) 0 Reserved 1 Payload Data (DATA) 2 to 127 Reserved by the IETF 128 to 255 Reserved for IETF-Defined Transfer extensions First bit transmitte d SI SSF OPCDPCSLS slc MTP3 message format

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, M3UA Data Fields : SI – Service Indicator Service indicator DCBA Sub-service field 4 4 First bit transmitted SI value(4bits) 0x0 0x1 0x2 0x3 0x4 0x5 0x6 0x7 0xb~0xf Service Signaling network management messages Signaling network testing and maintenance messages spare SCCP TUP ISUP Data User Part (call and circuit-related messages Data User Part (facility registration and cancellation messages Reserved for MTP Testing User Part Broadband ISUP Satellite ISUP spare 0x8 0x9 0xa

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, Service indicator DCBA Sub-service field First bit transmitted M3UA Data Fields : NI and MP NI – Network Indicator MP – Message Priority The network indicator codes are allocated as follows: bits D C 0 0 International network 0 1 Spare (for international use only) 1 0 National network 1 1 Reserved for national use 4

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, M3UA SSNM Message Types 0 Reserved 1 Destination Unavailable (DUNA) 2 Destination Available (DAVA) 3 Destination State Audit (DAUD) 4 Signaling Congestion (SCON) 5 Destination User Part Unavailable (DUPU) 6 Destination Restricted (DRST) 7 to 127 Reserved by the IETF 128 to 255 Reserved for IETF-Defined SSNM extensions Note: except DAUD & SCON, other message types are sent from SG to ASP.

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, M3UA and MTP3 interactive : UPU If AS is not active or pending, when message with DPC 2-2-2 reach SGW from mtp link, SGW will reply with UPU SP A(PC: 1-1-1) ASP1(PC: 2-2-2) SP B(PC: 3-3-3) SS7 link Germany France A7510 SCTP association User Data MTP3 Route table: Number of routes : 4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Route-ID Network-ID DPC Direction(*) Protocol Cmblinkset-ID Restart ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 0 1-1-1 Down ITU 0 ITU92 1 0 3-3-3 Down ITU 2 ITU92 2 0 2-2-2 Up ITU 1 ITU92 3 0 4-4-4 IP ITU 3 ITU9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- OPC 1-1-1DPC 2-2-2 MTP3 UPU (AS1 not active) Cmblinkset 2 M3UA Route Filter Parameter (for M3UA packets sent to AS) --------------------------------------------------------- AS OPC OPC-Mask DPC DPC-Mask SLS SLS-Mask SIO SIO-Mask 1 1-1-1 14 2-2-2 0 0 4 0 4 2 3-3-3 14 4-4-4 0 0 4 0 4 ASP4(PC: 4-4-4) ASP2(PC: 2-2-2) ASP1 ASP2 AS1 ASP4 AS 2 M3UA

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, M3UA and MTP3 interactive : DUPU If a UPU is received from tdm link, SGW will send DUPU to All Active ASPs in the same network. SP A(PC: 1-1-1) ASP1(PC: 2-2-2) SP B(PC: 3-3-3) SS7 link Germany France A7510 SCTP association User Data MTP3 Route table: Number of routes : 4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Route-ID Network-ID DPC Direction(*) Protocol Cmblinkset-ID Restart ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 0 1-1-1 Down ITU 0 ITU92 1 0 3-3-3 Down ITU 2 ITU92 2 0 2-2-2 Up ITU 1 ITU92 3 0 4-4-4 IP ITU 3 ITU9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- APC 1-1-1 MTP3 Cmblinkset 2 ASP4(PC: 4-4-4) ASP2(PC: 2-2-2) ASP1 ASP2 AS1 ASP4 AS2 M3UA DUPU UPU APC 1-1-1 DUPU APC 1-1-1 DUPU APC 1-1-1

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, M3UA SSNM DUPU message format User value: 0 to 2 Reserved 3 SCCP 4 TUP 5 ISUP 6 to 8 Reserved 9 Broadband ISUP 10 Satellite ISUP 11 Reserved 12 AAL type 2 Signalling 13 Bearer Independent Call Control (BICC) 14 Gateway Control Protocol 15 Reserved

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, M3UA and MTP3 interactive : DUNA/DAVA/DRST For a MTP3 route to ‘down’ direction, if it becomes unreachable, a DUNA will be sent to All ASPs in the same network (in case ASP is active). If it becomes reachable, then a DAVA will be sent to All ASPs. STP A(PC: 1-1-1)ASP1(PC: 2-2-2) STP B(PC: 3-3-3) SS7 link Germany France A7510 SCTP association User Data MTP3 Cmblinkset 2 ASP4(PC: 4-4-4) ASP2(PC: 2-2-2) ASP1 ASP2 AS1 ASP4 AS2 M3UA DUNA TFP--->DUNA APC 1-1-1 DUNA APC 1-1-1 MTP3 Route table: Number of routes : 4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Route-ID Network-ID DPC Direction(*) Protocol Cmblinkset-ID Restart ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 0 1-1-1 Down ITU 0 ITU92 1 0 3-3-3 Down ITU 2 ITU92 2 0 2-2-2 Up ITU 1 ITU92 3 0 4-4-4 IP ITU 3 ITU92 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- APC 1-1-1 TFA--->DAVA TFR--->DRST DUNA

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, M3UA and MTP3 interactive : DUNA/DAVA/DRST For a MTP3 route to ‘down’ direction, if it becomes unreachable, a DUNA will be sent to All ASPs in the same network (in case ASP is active). If it becomes reachable, then a DAVA will be sent to All ASPs. STP A(PC: 1-1-1)ASP1(PC: 2-2-2) STP B(PC: 3-3-3) SS7 link Germany France A7510 SCTP association User Data APC7-7-7 MTP3 Cmblinkset 2 ASP4(PC: 4-4-4) ASP2(PC: 2-2-2) ASP1 ASP2 AS1 ASP4 AS2 M3UA DUNA TFP--->DUNA APC 7-7-7 DUNA APC 7-7-7 MTP3 Route table: Number of routes : 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Route-ID Network-ID DPC Direction(*) Protocol Cmblinkset-ID Restart ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 0 1-1-1 Down ITU 0 ITU92 1 0 3-3-3 Down ITU 2 ITU92 2 0 2-2-2 Up ITU 1 ITU92 3 0 4-4-4 IP ITU 3 ITU92 4 0 7-7-7 Down ITU 4 ITU92 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SP 7-7-7 APC 7-7-7 TFP TFA--->DAVA TFR--->DRST DUNA

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, M3UA and MTP3 interactive : SCON –Remote Congestion When TFC is received, MTP3 record the congestion level, and generate a SCON to M3UA. Later, if MTP3 receive a message from M3UA, and message priority < TFC congestion level, then SCON will be generated to M3UA. Sp A(PC: 1-1-1)ASP1(PC: 2-2-2) SP B(PC: 3-3-3) SS7 link Germany France A7510 SCTP association User Data APC 1-1-1, L=2 MTP3 Cmblinkset 2 ASP4(PC: 4-4-4) ASP2(PC: 2-2-2) ASP1 ASP2 AS1 ASP4 AS2 M3UA SCON APC 1-1-1, L=2 SCON APC 1-1-1, L=2 MTP3 Route table: Number of routes : 4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Route-ID Network-ID DPC Direction(*) Protocol Cmblinkset-ID Restart ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 0 1-1-1 Down ITU 0 ITU92 1 0 3-3-3 Down ITU 2 ITU92 2 0 2-2-2 Up ITU 1 ITU92 3 0 4-4-4 IP ITU 3 ITU92 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- APC 1-1-1, L=2 TFC SCON Congestion level=2

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, M3UA and MTP3 interactive : SCON –Remote congestion When TFC is received, MTP3 record the congestion level, and generate a SCON to M3UA. Later, if MTP3 receive a message from M3UA, and message priority < TFC congestion level, then SCON will be generated to M3UA. Sp A(PC: 1-1-1)ASP1(PC: 2-2-2) SP B(PC: 3-3-3) SS7 link Germany France A7510 SCTP association User Data MTP3 Cmblinkset 2 ASP4(PC: 4-4-4) ASP2(PC: 2-2-2) ASP1 ASP2 AS 1 ASP4 AS2 M3UA DPC 1-1-1, MP=1 MTP3 Route table: Number of routes : 4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Route-ID Network-ID DPC Direction(*) Protocol Cmblinkset-ID Restart ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 0 1-1-1 Down ITU 0 ITU92 1 0 3-3-3 Down ITU 2 ITU92 2 0 2-2-2 Up ITU 1 ITU92 3 0 4-4-4 IP ITU 3 ITU92 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCON DPC 1-1-1, MP=1 APC 1-1-1, L=2

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, M3UA and MTP3 interactive : SCON---local congestion For a mtp3 international route (defined by m3ua network SSF), if the route is of local congestion (any link of this route enter congestion, then route congestion), a message from M3UA using this route will generate a SCON For a mtp3 national route, if MTP3 receive a message from M3UA, and message priority < the selected link’s congestion, then SCON will be generated to M3UA Sp A(PC: 1-1-1)ASP1(PC: 2-2-2) SP B(PC: 3-3-3) SS7 link Germany France A7510 SCTP association User Data Cmblinkset 2 ASP4(PC: 4-4-4) ASP2(PC: 2-2-2) ASP1 ASP2 AS 1 ASP4 AS2 M3UA DPC 1-1-1, MP=1 MTP3 Route table: Number of routes : 4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Route-ID Network-ID DPC Direction(*) Protocol Cmblinkset-ID Restart ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 0 1-1-1 Down ITU 0 ITU92 1 0 3-3-3 Down ITU 2 ITU92 2 0 2-2-2 Up ITU 1 ITU92 3 0 4-4-4 IP ITU 3 ITU92 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SCON DPC 1-1-1, MP=1 APC 1-1-1, L=2 MTP3 p1 p2 p3 p1, p2, p3: congestion threshold; Discard priority=0

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, M3UA and MTP3 interactive : M3UA trigger TFC Sp A(PC: 1-1-1) ASP1(PC: 2-2-2) SP B(PC: 3-3-3) SS7 link Germany France A7510 SCTP association User Data Cmblinkset 2 ASP2(PC: 2-2-2) ASP1 AS 1 M3UA DPC 2-2-2 MTP3 Route table: Number of routes : 3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Route-ID Network-ID DPC Direction(*) Protocol Cmblinkset-ID Restart ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 0 1-1-1 Down ITU 0 ITU92 1 0 3-3-3 Down ITU 2 ITU92 2 0 2-2-2 Up ITU 1 ITU92 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MTP3 p1, p2, p3: congestion threshold; ASP2 p1 p2 p3 DPC 2-2-2 TFC

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, M3UA and MTP3 interactive : M3UA trigger TFC STP A(PC: 1-1-1) ASP1(PC: 2-2-2) SP B(PC: 3-3-3) SS7 link Germany France A7510 SCTP association User Data Cmblinkset 2 ASP2(PC: 2-2-2) ASP1 AS 1 M3UA MTP3 ASP2 TFC OPC 7-7-7 DPC 2-2-2 OPC 7-7-7DPC 2-2-2 SP B(PC: 7-7-7) SP MTP3 Route table: Number of routes : 4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Route-ID Network-ID DPC Direction(*) Protocol Cmblinkset-ID Restart ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0 0 1-1-1 Down ITU 0 ITU92 1 0 3-3-3 Down ITU 2 ITU92 2 0 2-2-2 Up ITU 1 ITU92 3 0 7-7-7 Down ITU 3 ITU92 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- OPC 7-7-7 DPC 2-2-2 OPC 2-2-2 DPC 7-7-7 APC 2-2-2CPC 7-7-7 SCON CPC: concerned point code

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, M3UA SSNM SCON Message Format Concerned Destination: only used if SCON is sent from ASP to SG. It contains the point code of the originator of the message that triggered the SCON message. TFC is sent from SG to the Concerned DPC using the single Affected DPC contained in the SCON message to populate the (affected) Destination field of the TFC message

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, M3UA AS state machine AS active: means that Application server is ready to process the specific traffic. Only at AS- ACTIVE state, User Messages (TUP, ISUP, …) can be transferred to m3ua peer. 7510: don’t support Broadcast traffic mode. AS- INACTIVE + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + AS-DOWN One ASP Trans to ASP- INACTIVE All ASP Trans to ASP-DOWN Tr Expiry and no ASP In ASP-INACTIVE state) Last ACTIVE ASP trans to ASP- INACTIVE Or ASP- DOWN (state Tr) Tr Expiry At least one ASP in ASP-INACTIVE One ASP Trans to ASP- ACTIVE AS-PENDING (queuing) One ASP Trans to ASP-ACTIVE AS- ACTIVE

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, M3UA ASP state machine Only at Active state, user data can be transferred to/from this ASP. 7510: an ASP can serve only one AS (routing context) + + ++ + + + + + + + + + + ASP DOWN/ SCTP CDI/ SCTP RI Other ASP in AS Overrides ASP-ACTIVE + + ASP Active ASP Inactive ASP-INACTIVE ASP-DOWN ASP DOWN/ SCTP CDI/ SCTP RI ASP Up

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, M3UA ASPSM : ASP_UP ASP Identifier: a unique value that is locally significant among the ASPs that support an AS. This value must be saved and used by Notify message. 7510: it is only meaningful to MGC, this value has nothing to do with UI ‘ASP id’.

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, M3UA ASPSM : DOWN/DOWN-ACK The INFO String in an ASP Down Ack message is independent from the INFO String in the ASP Down message (i.e., it does not have to echo back the INFO String received).

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, M3UA ASPTM : ASP_ACTIVE/ACTIVE_ACK Traffic mode: 7510 don’t support Broadcast mode. Routing Context: only one Routing context is allowed (one ASP can serve only one AS). The INFO String : independent from value in the ASP Active message. 7510 Error and Cause: 1)Invalid routing context Cause: 7510 use AS id as routing context. the Routing context value in ASPTM message is different from AS id cause this error. 2) No Configured AS for ASP cause: m3ua route filter has not been configured for AS, or config failure.

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, M3UA ASPTM : Override Traffic Mode Override: only one ASP is active at any moment. After send the Alt_ASP_ACT notify to ASP1, then ASP1 should enter Inactive state. SGPASP2ASP1 ASP UP ASP UP ACK NOTIFY(AS-INACTIVE) ASP Active ASP Active Ack ASP Active ASP Active Ack ASP UP NOTIFY (Alt_ASP_ACT) ASP UP ACK NOTIFY(AS-INACTIVE)

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, M3UA ASPTM : INACTIVE/INACTIVE_ACK Routing Context: only one Routing context is allowed (one ASP can serve only one AS). The INFO String : independent from value in the ASP Inactive message.

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, M3UA ASPTM : Notify ASP Identifier: value contained in ASP_UP message. Status Type =1 1 Reserved 2 (AS-INACTIVE) 3 (AS-ACTIVE) 4 (AS-PENDING) Status Type = 2 1 Insufficient ASP Resources Active in AS 2 Alternate ASP Active 3 ASP Failure

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, 7510_11:ACT-SCM:1.10(r0)>=3:diag:main:Vmgx:SGW2# vi sgw status SGW-MNG: Status for all SGW entity: Sgw_id LBI admin_state ASP_id Service ASP_state SCTP_state 0 sfm enable 0 M2UA DOWN UP 10 IUA DOWN DOWN 1 pim2 enable 2 pim1 enable 0 M3UA DOWN UP 7510 M3UA SGW after create an SGW on a pim card, you must enable this SGW, otherwise M3UA will not work SCTP association has been established. M3UA ASP is not Active, no User Message can be carried.

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, 7510 M3UA Stack Configurable Parameters Congestion Queue Size............. …32767 Congestion Level1 Size................ 32767 Congestion Level2 Size............... 32767 Congestion Level3 Size..........……. 32767 As Recovery Timer.....................30000(ms) DUNA Settle Timer................... 1000(ms) Sequence Control Timer............. 1000(ms) Congestion Queue Size : The number of messages in the congestion queue maintained for each association. When the queue reaches this size, further messages are dropped. Congestion Level1 Size: When the number of messages in the congestion queue reaches this level, SS7 congestion level 1 is declared Congestion Level2 Size : When the number of messages in the congestion queue reaches this level, SS7 congestion level 2 is declared. Congestion Level3 Size : When the number of messages in the congestion queue reaches this level, SS7 congestion level 3 is declared. As Recovery Timer : refer to m3ua AS state machine. The time that AS stay at AS_PENDING state. DUNA Settle Timer : Period for which the SG will suppress the response DUNAs regarding an SS7 destination to give the ASPs the time to react to the previously sent DUNA message from the SGP. Sequence Control Timer : when mulitiply ASPs within an AS are active, if one ASP becomes unavailable, the traffic is diverted to other ASPs after sequence control time to avoid misequencing.

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, 7510 M3UA SCTP Parameters Signalling Gateway Role.......................... server Autonomous SCTP Association...................... no Own IP Address Number............................ 1 Own IP Address................................... 10.11.12.111 Own Port Id...................................... 2905 Signalling Gateway Role : if configured as client, and Autonomous SCTP Association is yes, 7510 will send init message to MGC. This function only works after system boot up. Autonomous SCTP Association : combined with Gateway Role. Own IP Address Number : how many own ip addresses have been configured. Automatically calculated. At most 10 own ip address can be configured. Own IP Address : IP addresses used for SCTP association. please make sure that own ip addresses are consistent with the value of ‘view ip if’. Own Port Id : SCTP association port.

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, 7510 M3UA Network Parameters M3UA Network Parameters ----------------------- Network ID NA Sub Service Field PC Length SLS Length PC Format 0 itu88 nat pc24 litsls4 8-8-8 24 ansi nat pc24 litsls5 8-8-8 Network ID : used as Network Appearance value in m3ua messages. Refered by mtp3 configuration. NA : SS7 variants. Supporting values are itu88|itu92|ansi|ansi96|china. Sub Service Field : refer to the NI bits of SSF field. Refer to page M3UA Data Fields : NI and MP PC Length : Signalling Point Code Length. Supporting values are pc24|pc14 (diag UI) SLS Length : Signalling link selection bits number. For PC14, it is always 4. For PC24, it can be 4, 5, or 8. PC Format : Signalling Point Code layout. The following two basic PC format layouts are supported: - "x1-x2-x3", whereas x1+x2+x3 = 14 (ITU) or 24 (ANSI). - "x1-x2-x3-x4", whereas x1+x2+x3+x4 = 14 (ITU) or 24 (ANSI)

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, 7510 M3UA AS Parameters M3UA Application Server Table ------------------------------ ID NwkId Ena/Dis Traffic Mode ASP Table 0 24 enabled override 0 1 0 disabled override 1 AS ID : used as routing context in m3ua messages. Refered by mtp3 linkset. NwkId : Network ID. This parameter specifiy the network properties of an AS. Ena/Dis : Administrator state. You must enable an AS, otherwise All the ASP controled by this AS will not work. Be careful, to make an AS to work, you must configure ASP(s) and route filter for this AS. Traffic mode : Override or loadsharing. For loadsharing mode, there are two traffic distribution policy among ASPs : rndrobin|sls. ASP Table : Automatically calculated. Same as AS ID.

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, 7510 M3UA ASP Parameters M3UA Application Server Process Table 1 --------------------------------------- Id Ena/Dis NA-Flag RKM-Flag Streams Port Remote Addresses Primary Path 4 enabled disabled disabled 128 2905 10.11.12.8 (enabled) - 5 enabled disabled disabled 64 2906 10.11.12.66 (disabled) 10.11.12.19 10.11.12.19 (enabled) ASP Id : This parameter is only meaningful inside 7510. Has nothing to do with ASP Identifier parameter in m3ua messages. Ena/Dis : Administrator state. Be careful, to make an ASP to work, an ASP need to have at least an enabled ip address. NA-Flag : if set to enabled, the optional network appearance parameter will be included in m3ua messages when communicate with MGC. RKM-Flag : whether or not supporting RKM message. Streams: how many streams the sctp association will use. This parameters will be used during sctp establishment procedure. In most cases, stream number is set to mtp2 link number + 1. Port : the sctp port that MGC will use to establish association with 7510. It is a remote port. Remote Addresses: the ip addresses that MGC will use to establish association with 7510. max 4 remote address can be configured each ASP. Primary path: in normal case, traffic will be transported to MGC with primary ip address. But the fact is that this parameter has no effect.

All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, 7510 M3UA Route filter Parameters M3UA Route Filter Parameter (for M3UA packets sent to AS) --------------------------------------------------------- AS OPC OPC-Mask DPC DPC-Mask SLS SLS-Mask SIO SIO-Mask 0 51-2-1(0x330201) 24 36-2-1(0x240201) 0 0 5 0 4 the route filter is related to M3UA messages being sent to m3ua peer (ASP). AS : the id of the AS that serving this route filter(routing key). AS and route filter has a 1:1 relationship. AS id is used as routing context value. OPC : Originating Point code of MTP3 user messages. OPC-Mask: how many bits of OPC are wildcarded. DPC : Destination Point code of MTP3 user messages. In most case, it is set to DPC of MGC. DPC-Mask: how many bits of DPC are wildcarded. In most case, it is set to 0. SLS: signalling link selection of MTP3 user messages. SLS-Mask: how many bits of SLS are wildcarded. SIO: Service Indicator (i.e, ISUP, TUP, …) of mtp3 messages. Totally 4 bits. SIO-Mask: how many bits of Service Indicator are wildcarded. Assuming that MTP3 deliver a message to M3UA, the routing procedure is below: filtered= true; for each filter in the network that message comes from if (msg.opc&filter.opc-mask==filter.opc&filter.opc-mask && msg.dpc&filter.dpc-mask==filter.opc&filter.opc-mask && msg.sls&filter.sls-mask==filter.sls&filter.sls-mask && msg.si&filter.sio-mask==filter.sio&filter.sio-mask) filtered = false; break; End for If (filtered) drop the message Else send message to MGC End if

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All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2007, Albrecht Schwarz Sigtran Introduction Disheng.chen.

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