1. Micro/NanoSats/SpaceCube MAPLD 2009 Dr. Steve Suddarth Director

2. Miniaturization Its now the turn of the satellites – think big design small

3. “Exponential Times” Moore’s “Original” Law Magnetic Storage Comm B/W Cost

4. Time for another Moore’s Law Processors Spacecraft

5. Moore does not Always Apply Projected Wafer in 2000, circa 1975 USAF View of Air/Space Travel, circa 1953

6. But New Thinking Makes New Alternatives Do you have to take the airplane?

7. Take Electrons – They’re Faster

8. But if we did not try hard Can one imagine using an ipod designed using 10um technology versus

9. Government Technology Advancement

10. A Government Proposal

11. Another Proposal

12. Change that Matters to Us Reconfigurable Electronics target highest payoff directly Cut Launch CostMake Better Use of Launch Capacity Standardize & Optimize Miniaturize 12

13. Why Now & How Now Range of electronics options Low-power uP’s, FPGAs, rad-hard, uC’s Memory and other components Significant component evolution ADACS (Attitude Determination and Control Systems) Power Drag systems for end-of-life Telemetry, and C&DH GeneSat-1

14. Out-of-the-box in a Related Industry Approved Solution: Newest/cheapest type-certified jet Seats: 6 Cost: > 2M Speed: ~400 mph Efficiency: ~8 mpg Business: FAILED (maybe restarted) Out-of-the-Box Solution: Homebuilt (amateur) 4-place Seats: 4 Cost: ~200-400K Speed: ~380 mph Efficiency: ~25 mpg Business: Bought by Cessna http://gulfstreamresale.com/p2index.php?id=77 http://www.lancair.com/Main/secondary_page_images/ivp_lrg.jpg

15. CubeSats are a Key Experimental “Playground” Proposed in 1999 by Stanford Prof. Bob Twiggs as a picosatellite standard: – 10 x 10 x 10cm, ~ 1 kg maximum mass; can be combined to create multiple “U” cubes (e.g., double, triple, etc…) Broad acceptance, large active developer list: – 53 U.S. companies; 50 U.S. universities, several high schools – 41 foreign universities on six continents – 32% of papers at ‘08 SmallSat Conference were CubeSat related QuakeSat-1 (Stanford University and QuakeFinder, LLC) CP4 (CalPoly) as seen from AeroCube-2 (Aerospace) CUTE 1.7 + APD (Tokyo Tech. University) CSTB1 (The Boeing Corporation)

16. “Containerization” and Standard Interfaces A Revolution in World-Wide Transport A Revolution in Space Transport CanX-2 (Canada) P-POD

17. Can Cubesats be useful? THRESHOLD OF UTILITY SIZE (LOG) UTILITY 2008 – the year Cubesats pass the threshold of Utility Courtesy NRO

18. Some Facts 24 CubeSats in LEO (40 Launched) Over 100 Developers Worldwide Dedicated Workshops/Meetings CubeSat Industrial Suppliers SmallSat Conference had over 900 registrants This market and research area is growing quickly!

19. Three Broad Classes of FPGA Contribution Low-power, rad-hard, one-time programmable parts Low-power, small, reprogrammable parts Very large, SoC parts, embedded µP, DSP, etc. As Technologies Change – Trends Change!

20. Competing Technologies FPGAs Cell Processors / Multicore GPU / SIMD FPOA …

21. CubeSatCam brings Together an Agile Aerospace Community Goal: Make the highest resolution space-based camera in a 10cmx10cmx30cm package Partnerships – UNM / COSMIAC – Contrast Optical – Los Alamos Nat. Lab – AFRL, CHOP Shop – NM Optics Association – NASA Goddard Contrast Optical concept for CubeSat deployable telescope capable of sub-meter imaging

22. Space Plug-and-play “ NanoSPA” and CubeSats Break “Swiss watch” effect Standard interfaces Low cost easily integrated as a personal computer. “How Eli Whitney would build a Spacecraft”

23. SPA: The Key Concepts 1.Push-button toolflow (PBTF) 2.Self-describing components (XTEDS) 3.Interface modules for SPA conversion (ASIM) 4.Self-organizing/self-integrating networks (SPA-U, SPA-S, SPA-10, SPA-W,…) 5.Service-oriented software engineered for re-use – the satellite data model (SDM) 6.Improved testability (“test bypass”)

24. AFRL / USU-SDL CubeFlow Very rapid development Inexpensive hardware “Space grade” components available Fits in CubeSat

25. CubeFlow, SDM and ASIM SDM – Satellite Data Module ASIM – Applique Sensor Interface Module XTED – eXtended Transducer Electronic Datasheets

26. CubeFlow Tools SDM component software is supported by SDL CubeFlow Tools; – xTEDs writing, verification, and emulation – ASIM program development – Application skeleton development

27. SDM Operation (PnP Initialization) Software Application (i.e. compression algorithm) Software Application (i.e. DSP application) Software Application (i.e. control system) ASIM with XTED (xml) Hardware (i.e. Comms) Hardware (i.e. FPGA based Sensor package) Hardware (i.e. Power) Hardware (i.e. Ground Station) Hardware (i.e. Another Satellite) ASIM with XTED (xml) SDM

28. SDM Operation (Normal Ops) Software Application (i.e. compression algorithm) Software Application (i.e. DSP application) Software Application (i.e. control system) ASIM with XTED (xml) Hardware (i.e. Comms) Hardware (i.e. FPGA based Sensor package) Hardware (i.e. Power) Hardware (i.e. Ground Station) ASIM with XTED (xml) SDM SDM listens for requirement to add new PnP components

29. CubeFlow SPA-U Hub / C&DH New from Data Design – OMAP microprocessor – Essential SPA-U plus Pulse Per Second and test bypass – Radio in a separate module – SPA-S (Spacewire) not far behind

30. ASIM Overview

31. Common Sense Reliability Trades (Dr. Heather Quinn, Los Alamos) Small spacecraft & new orbits = change Reliability requirements can vary Many FPGA systems more than adequate in many cases – Even if they weren’t originally rad-hard Proper design techniques may be critical

32. Moving to Next Level Reliability (NASA Goddard*) Dual Xilinx V4 All necessary memory/interfaces Mitigation Already tested on MISSE7 Next generation with rad-hard SIRF * In conjunction with Gordonicus, LLC

33. Summary Exponential Trends Change the Landscape New, large opportunities in smaller spacecraft Enhanced by alternative architectures / orbits Need to match electronic trends and spacecraft realities