1. Overview of Research, Concepts & Trends 1 10/11/2012 & 10/25/2012

2.  EBP & What Works  Probationer Comparison  Family & Recidivism  The Pew Reports 2 10/11/2012 & 10/25/2012

3. First Pew Report - 1 in 15 Georgians under supervision (more on Pew later)  “Lock ‘em up and throw away the key” & “Get tough on crime” mentality  Consensus: We can no longer justify this approach  Doesn’t really increase public safety  Costs too much money  Not the right thing to do  New ideas and approaches needed! 3 10/11/2012 & 10/25/2012

4.  1974: Martinson’s claim  The reaction to his claim that “nothing works”  Where does the term “what works” come from?  Loads of research shows…  Punishment alone does not work  D.A.R.E./Scared Straight  Boot Camps without a treatment component  Punishment + Treatment does reduce recidivism 4 10/11/2012 & 10/25/2012

5.  To reduce recidivism and improve public safety through implementation of research-based principles and practices  To contribute to the knowledge base of the profession and keep current with research and make changes when needed 5 10/11/2012 & 10/25/2012

6. The Principles of Effective Intervention:  RISK  NEED  RESPONSIVITY  TREATMENT  PROGRAM INTEGRITY  MEASURE & Feed back the results- Evaluation & Quality Assurance 6 10/11/2012 & 10/25/2012

7.  Identifies WHO should receive services  Treatment intensity should match risk level  Interventions should focus on higher risk offenders  Putting low risk offenders in with high risk can INCREASE risk for the low risk offenders  “Cherry-picking” problem  Resource-wasting problem 7 10/11/2012 & 10/25/2012

8.  Identifies WHAT offender needs should be addressed  Those needs that RESEARCH has shown to reduce recidivism should be addressed  Two types of needs  Criminogenic  Non-Criminogenic 8 10/11/2012 & 10/25/2012

9.  Attitudes & beliefs (anti-social)  Associates/peers (criminal)  Alcohol & other drug use (substance abuse)  Education (minimal)  Employment skills (low )  Social skills (poor)  Problem-solving skills (few)  For women- self-esteem, history of abuse, MH issues 9 10/11/2012 & 10/25/2012

10.  Self-esteem in males  Anxiety  Feelings of alienation  Socio-economic factors 10 10/11/2012 & 10/25/2012

11.  Responsivity means removing barriers to otherwise effective interventions so that offenders “respond” to the intervention  Potential barriers are from 3 sources:  Offender barriers- Literacy, unstable mental health, learning style, active SA, physical limits  Resource/environmental barriers- Housing, childcare, treatment availability  Staff/system barriers- Inability to model or reinforce prosocial behavior; overly permissive or punitive system; materials that are culturally insensitive or not written to proper language/understanding level 11 10/11/2012 & 10/25/2012

12.  Indicates what type of treatment is most effective in reducing recidivism  Cognitive-behavioral is most effective with offenders; thinking controls behavior  Insight-based interventions are ineffective with offenders; they don’t possess good insight!  5 Hallmarks of cognitive/behavioral styled interventions:  Role modeling  Guided practice  Give feedback  4-1 ratio of positive to negative reinforcers  Practice till they get it right 12 10/11/2012 & 10/25/2012

13.  Good interventions and practices need to be supported with sufficient staff, materials and training to be effective  Reentry begins with assessment & continues through aftercare (“seamless system”)  Delivery should be as designed- no lone wolves or free thinkers (avoid “program drift”)  Good Q/A is critical (“what gets looked at is what gets done”) 13 10/11/2012 & 10/25/2012

14.  Booster training is essential- maintain staff consistency and standards of delivery  Measuring effectiveness should be standard practice  Use qualified, enthusiastic, well-trained staff  Other EBP considerations:  PILOT new interventions  Involve offender FAMILY MEMBERS  Build SUPPORT outside the office/in the community  Use standardized risk/need assessment to direct delivery of programming and planning 14 10/11/2012 & 10/25/2012

15. More Similarities or More Differences? 15 10/11/2012 & 10/25/2012

16. 16 How many are high risk? How many are high need? How many are on both caseloads? What are some of their characteristics? 10/11/2012 & 10/25/2012

17. 17 10/11/2012 & 10/25/2012  Superficial Charm  Unreliable & insincere  Untruthful  Lack of remorse & shame  Poor judgment  Failure to profit from experience  Egocentric  Lacks ability to love  Restricted repertory of Feelings  Lack of insight  Lack of appropriate interpersonal responses  Acts out under the influence  Capable of acting out sober  Impersonal sex life  Has no life plan  May attempt suicide but rarely carries it out.

18. Some Information on the Impact of Family Issues On Recidivism 18 10/11/2012 & 10/25/2012

19. 19 Fear that offender will return to drug use Another family member to support Relationship issues Domestic violence issues Change in family dynamic Resentment toward the offender Van Voorhis, 2012 10/11/2012 & 10/25/2012

20. 20 6 Month Abstinence of Substance Abusers: Supportive services offered to families- 36% No services: 5% Sullivan et al., 2002, taken from Van Voorhis, 2012 10/11/2012 & 10/25/2012

21. 21 Those with a perception of family support and those with more contact with family while incarcerated have: More favorable employment outcomes Less substance abuse Less recidivism LaVigne et al., 2004, taken from Van Voorhis, 2012 10/11/2012 & 10/25/2012

22. 22 Reinforce offenders for positive relationships with pro-social family members; Bring family members into reporting meetings Hold reporting meetings in a neutral place and include family members Van Voorhis, 2012 10/11/2012 & 10/25/2012

23. 23

24. The Pew Reports And Responses 24 10/11/2012 & 10/25/2012

25. Who/What is Pew? The First Pew Report 1 in 15 Prisons The Second Pew Report 1 in 13 Community Corrections The Third Pew Report – data quality 25 10/11/2012 & 10/25/2012

26. GRIP Committee (Multi-Agency) Response to the first Pew Report Focus on inmates releasing back into communities was access to risk reduction services The Probation 10-Step Framework (GDC) Response to second Pew Report Addresses the 10 recommendations to improve community corrections 26 10/11/2012 & 10/25/2012

27. Criminal Justice Reform Council (CJRC) Not a direct response to Pew Direct response to the economy Indirect response to Pew Other indirect responses to Pew Learning/Adopting EBP/What Works Partnering with stakeholders- family, etc. GPAI- Georgia Programs Assessment Inventory 27 10/11/2012 & 10/25/2012

28. The New Law 28 10/11/2012 & 10/25/2012

29. Increase accountability courts, especially in rural areas Create council to oversee accountability courts Increases funding for intensive substance abuse treatment Increases funding for alternatives to prison Increases funding for getting MH offenders into MH treatment Develop new assessment process Implement cognitive (researched) programs 29 10/11/2012 & 10/25/2012

30. Increasing public safety through reducing recidivism is an even higher priority Saving money by reducing recidivism is an even higher priority Reducing recidivism is win-win, “Lock ‘em up and throw away the key” is lose-lose 30 10/11/2012 & 10/25/2012

31. Residential Substance Abuse Treatment Expansion Accountability Court (Drug, MH, etc.) Expansion Day Reporting Center Lite 31 10/11/2012 & 10/25/2012

32. 32 A Look at Some Georgia Data 10/11/2012 & 10/25/2012

33. 33 Transitional Center (TC, aka work-release) Data: TC 3 year reconviction rates are 18% compared to 29% for general population - treatment effect 11 points or about 38% Day Reporting Center (DRC) Study DRC 3 year reconviction rates are 19% compared to 43% for control group - treatment effect 24 points or about 56% 10/11/2012 & 10/25/2012

34. 34 10/11/2012 & 10/25/2012

35. 35 10/11/2012 & 10/25/2012

36. 36 Major Findings: They reduce recidivism (24 point reduction in recidivism) The better they score on the Georgia Programs Assessment Inventory, the better they are at reducing recidivism Major Issues/Opportunities for Improvement: Too many low risk offenders in the DRCs Too few offenders completing the groups Risk/need assessment can be improved 10/11/2012 & 10/25/2012

37. Robert Kiedinger Manager, READ Unit Risk Reduction/Reentry/OPTD 404-683-7030 37 Thanks! 10/11/2012 & 10/25/2012