1. Mescaline

2. Mescaline Names Common Name: Mescaline
Chemical (IUPAC) Name: 3,4,5 – trimethoxyphenethylamine
Chemical Formula: C11H17NO3
Street Names: Buttons, Cactus, Mesc, Peyoto

3. Classification
Mescaline is a hallucinogen and is the active ingredient in peyote.
It is a Schedule I substance under the Controlled Substances Act, it has a high potential for abuse, no currently accepted medical use for treatment in the United States, and a lack of accepted safety for use of the substance under medical supervision.

4. History
It was first isolated and identified by German chemist Arthur Heffter in 1897.
Originates in northern Mexico and the southwestern United States where it has been used by natives for religious rituals and medicinal purposes.
Arthur Heffter identified mescaline as the active ingredient in peyote.

5. History continued
Arrived to the U.S. through peyote evangelists, like Quanah Parker, that encouraged Northern American tribes to begin using it for medicinal purposes.
The Aztec and Toltec Indians have record of using peyote as far as about 3,000 years.
Quanah Parker introduced mescaline and peyote to Native American tribes.

6. Production
Mescaline is extracted from many cactus species like Peyote, San Pedro, and the Peruvian Torch by removing button shaped structures and it can also be produced synthetically.
It is usually found in Northern areas of Mexico like the Chihuahuan Desert and southern areas of the United States like Texas.

7. The User
Abusers are trying to escape reality and want to avoid confronting problems or emotions.
Abusers typically obtain it by growing a cactus that contains mescaline, like Peyote, San Pedro, and the Peruvian Torch in their own homes or by buying the dried buttons and mescaline powder.
Aldous Huxley tried mescaline for the first time under the supervision of Dr. Humphrey Osmond. In 1954  The Doors of Perception by Aldous Huxley is published describing his 1953 experience with mescaline.

8. Affects The route of administration of the Mescaline varies;
the buttons of the cactus can be chewed
It can be soaked in water to create a liquid and drunk
It can be ground to a powder placed within a gelatin capsule and swallowed
It can smoked along with a leaf material

9. Affects Affects the brain by causing: Illusions hallucinations
confusion
nightmares
altered perception of space and time
flashbacks
headaches
fear of death
anxiety
euphoric feelings
Affects the body by causing:
increase in body temperature
sweating
nausea
vomiting
dilated pupils
increase in heart rate
increase in blood pressure
raised blood sugar
impaired motor coordination

10. Affects Potential for psychological addiction = low
Potential for physical addiction = low
Mescaline does not have medicinal value in the United States

11. Risks
Common health risks can be heart failure, unconsciousness, low levels of glucose in the blood, convulsions, bloody diarrhea, Tachycardia (abnormal beating of the heart), respiratory complications, and in some cases even death.
Some adverse psychological effects can be psychosis, anxiety, and possibly mental disorders.
The LD50 for this drug after tests on guinea pigs is been 328 mg/kg, on rats is 132 mg/kg, and on mice is 212 mg/kg.

12. Detection
This drug is detected for in the body through urine screening.

13. Consequences
The treatment programs are unusual but include behavior modification therapy.
It is illegal to possess unless the individual can prove they are a member of the Native American Church and are using it for religious reasons.
Legal consequences for possession of mescaline could result in a prison sentence of not more than 15 years, a fine of not more than $25,000, or both.