1. By: Date: Federal Aviation Administration Surveillance and Broadcast Services November 12, 2008 Merging and Spacing Enabling Continuous Descent Arrivals – An Update Wes Stoops and Randall Bone ASAS-TN 2.5: Towards an ASAS-Global Network: Next Steps Rome, Italy. 12 – 13 November 2008

2. Surveillance and Broadcast Services 2 Federal Aviation Administration Outline Merging and Spacing (M&S) Overview UPS Flight Deck Operations ATC Operations Next Steps

3. Surveillance and Broadcast Services 3 Federal Aviation Administration M&S Overview

4. Surveillance and Broadcast Services 4 Federal Aviation Administration M&S Concept Air to ground Arrival procedure     FDMS (air to air)      Approach DepartureEn routeTerminalLandingTerminal     A AA A A A B B B B B B B AOC – Airline Operations Center ATC – Air Traffic Control FDMS – Flight Deck-Based Merging and Spacing

5. Surveillance and Broadcast Services 5 Federal Aviation Administration UPS FDMS Initial Implementation Time-based airborne spacing application AOC uplinks FDMS initiation message Flight crew follows on-board speed advisories –Speed only used to achieve spacing En route and terminal Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) (instrument or visual meteorological conditions) under surveillance Predominately single airline arriving to an airport via one merge fix, one arrival (e.g., Continuous Descent Arrival (CDA)), and one approach to one runway

6. Surveillance and Broadcast Services 6 Federal Aviation Administration Expected Benefits Consistent, low variance spacing between paired aircraft at the entry to an arrival procedure (e.g., CDA) and on final approach Continued CDA operations in medium density environments –CDA benefits seen by UPS 30% reduction in noise (up to 6 dB) 34% reduction in nitrous oxide (NOx) emissions –Below 3000 feet 250 to 465 pounds less fuel burn per flight Ground-based M&S expected to allow CDAs when demand <=70%. FDMS could increase

7. Surveillance and Broadcast Services 7 Federal Aviation Administration Current Implementation Status (1 of 4) UPS has company-specific CDAs in place

8. Surveillance and Broadcast Services 8 Federal Aviation Administration Current Implementation Status (2 of 4) UPS has five Boeing 757 aircraft equipped with Aviation Communication & Surveillance Systems (ACSS) Cockpit Display of Traffic Information (CDTI) hosted on class III Electronic Flight Bag (EFB) for FDMS and new display (ADS-B Guidance Display) –Co-space derived algorithm UPS Boeing 767 are certified but not yet operationally approved for FDMS UPS has the 107 of it’s Boeing 757 and 767 aircraft transmitting ADS-B

9. Surveillance and Broadcast Services 9 Federal Aviation Administration Current Implementation Status (3 of 4) UPS conducting FDMS about once a week due to limited number of aircraft and limited number of trained pilots (since Jan 2008) –US West Coast arrivals –Late night operations –40+ two-ship flights –1 three-ship flight –757 spacing off 767 (5 nautical mile terminal separation required) –Assigned interval of 145 seconds yielding ~ 5.80 nautical mile final spacing (@150 knots)

10. Surveillance and Broadcast Services 10 Federal Aviation Administration Current Implementation Status (4 of 4) Data collection –On-going baseline and FDMS data collection Ground-based M&S under-going testing and development –Strategic sequencing and spacing for CDAs and FDMS –Believed necessary for appropriate set-up to FDMS –Testing of near-term / AOC implementation –Concept development of longer-term ATC implementation

11. Surveillance and Broadcast Services 11 Federal Aviation Administration UPS Flight Deck Operations

12. Surveillance and Broadcast Services 12 Federal Aviation Administration UPS FDMS Equipment AGD EFB / CDTI ACARS

13. Surveillance and Broadcast Services 13 Federal Aviation Administration UPS Operation - Domain

14. Surveillance and Broadcast Services 14 Federal Aviation Administration UPS Operation – Initiation Daily coordination with UPS and the associated ATC facilities Message send via datalink (ACARS) from GOC –Traffic To Follow (TTF) –Interval (in seconds) –Common merge fix

15. Surveillance and Broadcast Services 15 Federal Aviation Administration UPS Operation – Set-Up Message send via datalink (Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS)) from Global Operations Center (GOC)

16. Surveillance and Broadcast Services 16 Federal Aviation Administration UPS Operation – Set-Up Menu 145

17. Surveillance and Broadcast Services 17 Federal Aviation Administration

18. Surveillance and Broadcast Services 18 Federal Aviation Administration UPS Operation - Conduct Communicate with ATC on initiation and when checking in to each new frequency “…Company Spacing…” Follow speed commands to merge fix through CDA and instrument approach –15 knot or greater speed changes

19. Surveillance and Broadcast Services 19 Federal Aviation Administration MSG CMD SPD DIFF GS TGT DIST 235 9.9 TFC

20. Surveillance and Broadcast Services 20 Federal Aviation Administration

21. Surveillance and Broadcast Services 21 Federal Aviation Administration UPS Operation - Termination No communication required if terminating at normal point of 1500 Above Ground Level (AGL)

22. Surveillance and Broadcast Services 22 Federal Aviation Administration UPS Operation – Initial Impressions Initiation method (datalink) acceptable Flight crews following appropriate phraseology and it appears to be sufficient Non-normal situations are sufficiently resolved –Visual approach and visual separation issuance during final portions of the arrival if spacing issue Current flight crew coordination procedures are sufficient CDTI is a useful tool Need more data on spacing performance

23. Surveillance and Broadcast Services 23 Federal Aviation Administration ATC Operations

24. Surveillance and Broadcast Services 24 Federal Aviation Administration ATC Operations (SDF) Hours of operations – 0100 to 0400 local time West Coast arrivals (16 aircraft) 4 CDAs

25. Surveillance and Broadcast Services 25 Federal Aviation Administration ATC Operations – Aircraft Routes

26. Surveillance and Broadcast Services 26 Federal Aviation Administration ATC Operations (SDF) - CDAs * NOTE- CDA’s can be conducted without FDMS. The Requirements Focus Group (RFG) is currently discussing FDMS applications beyond CDA’s.

27. Surveillance and Broadcast Services 27 Federal Aviation Administration ATC Operations - (SDF)

28. Surveillance and Broadcast Services 28 Federal Aviation Administration ATC Operations (SDF)

29. Surveillance and Broadcast Services 29 Federal Aviation Administration ATC Operations (SDF)

30. Surveillance and Broadcast Services 30 Federal Aviation Administration ATC Operations (SDF) Restricted Area

31. Surveillance and Broadcast Services 31 Federal Aviation Administration ATC Operations (SDF)

32. Surveillance and Broadcast Services 32 Federal Aviation Administration

33. Surveillance and Broadcast Services 33 Federal Aviation Administration ATC Operations – Initial Impressions (1 of 2) En Route –Minimal to no effect Terminal –Blending FDMS and non-FDMS aircraft –IMC weather adds to the complexity –Vertical profile of CDA is higher and must be factored into future airspace design

34. Surveillance and Broadcast Services 34 Federal Aviation Administration ATC Operations – Initial Impressions (2 of 2) ATC Benefits - Reduced Workload –Flight crews manage spacing interval –ATC monitors interval to ensure separation –Traditional handling- 8 to10 transmissions –FDMS handling- 4 to 5 transmissions –Consistent Aircraft Performance

35. Surveillance and Broadcast Services 35 Federal Aviation Administration Next Steps

36. Surveillance and Broadcast Services 36 Federal Aviation Administration Next Steps (1 of 2) UPS waiting on Boeing 767 operational approval for FDMS Examine whether 15 knot quantization is too coarse Temporary hold on weekly operations due to UPS busy period prior to winter holidays Continued testing of ground-based M&S Field test event following 767 operational approval and ground-based M&S tool maturation –Report out on results and provide feedback to RFG, etc.

37. Surveillance and Broadcast Services 37 Federal Aviation Administration Next Steps (2 of 2) Work completed on concept and safety will be used as input to RFG during development of Sequencing and Merging (S&M) –S&M covers the initial implementation of FDMS Move beyond the initial, interim UPS and SDF only implementation –Other airlines, other locations, and more complex environments Continue to develop benefits case Define next implementation of ground-based and flight deck-based M&S