1. 6.2 The Rise of Cities

2. I. Medicine and the population explosion
The fight against disease
Louis Pasteur develops vaccines, pasteurization and advocated germ theory.
Germ theory is the link between microbes and diseases
Robert Koch identifies bacteria that cause tuberculosis.
Hospital care improves.
Florence Nightingale introduces sanitary measures.
Joseph Lister discovers that antiseptics prevent infection.

3. II. Life in the cities City landscapes change.
City planners design the layout of cities.
Rich live on outskirts; poor crowd into city centers.
Urban renewal- rebuilding of poor areas of city
Sidewalks, sewers, and skyscrapers
Streets illuminated; sewer systems cut death rates.
Steel used to create skyscrapers.

4. II. Life in the cities cont.
Slum conditions
Crowding
Crime
The lure of the city
Attracted by work, education
Attracted by entertainment

5. III. Working-class struggles
Growth of labor unions
Mutual aid societies- self help groups to aid sick or injured workers
Workers use strikes to protest conditions.
Governments pass laws to improve working conditions.
Rising standards of living
Wage gaps between skilled and unskilled, men and women appear.
The quality and availability of necessities and luxuries rises.

6. Journal Entry
Pretend that you lived from about 1850 and it is now 1910, write a 1/2 page journal entry that describes the changes in your city over your life
Suggested topics
Urban renewal
Street lights
Better conditions in factories
Labor unions
City planning
City entertainment
Any thing else we have talked about