1. VASCULATURE, CSF, AND MENINGES LECTURES 5&6

2. 1.1 Heather, Amanda, Karen 1.2 Dan, Elyssa 2 Christian, Molly, Jenna 3 Michelle, Courtney, Sydney 4Shawn, Joe 5Peter, Tyler, Mike 6.1Gloria, Olga 6.2Nick L, Steve, Andrew 7Stephanie, Jess L, Max 8Ali, Ashley, Jess H 9.1Rose, Gia, Carley 9.2Kathleen, Liz, Kylie 10Kyle, Zach, Nick M

3. FORMATION OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

4. FORMATION OF THE BRAIN

5. READING CHECK 1.WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF CSF? 2.WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF THE LATERAL VENTRICLES? 3.WHERE (THROUGH WHAT STRUCTURES) DOES CSF DRAIN FROM THE 4 TH VENTRICLE INTO THE SUBARACHNOID SPACE? 4.DURA SURROUNDING THE SPINAL CORD IS CONTINUOUS WITH WHAT LAYER OF BRAIN DURA? 5.WHAT CONNECTS THE ARACHNOID AND THE PIA MATER?

6. READING CHECK 1.WHAT IS A CHOROID PLEXUS? 2.WHAT ARE THREE SIGNS OF HYDROCEPHALUS? 3.DESCRIBE WHAT A TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK IS. 4.WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENTS? 5.WHAT IS THE WATERSHED AREA?

7. OBJECTIVES DESCRIBE AND DRAW ARTERIAL SUPPLY DESCRIBE AND DRAW VENOUS DRAINAGE DESCRIBE AND DRAW THE VENTRICULAR SYSTEM EXPLAIN HOW OXYGEN IS DELIVERED TO BRAIN TISSUE, HOW THE BRAIN IS SUSPENDED IN LIQUID, AND HOW FLUID FLOWS BETWEEN THE SYSTEMS IDENTIFY DISORDERS OF VASCULAR SUPPLY, FORMATION AND PRESSURE IMBALANCES FROM DESCRIPTIONS OF THE PROBLEM

8. ORDER OF ATTACK MENINGES VEINS/SINUSES VENTRICLES ARTERIES DISORDERS

9. MENINGES DURA – THICK FASCIA, 2 LAYERS OUTER LAYER ATTACHED TO SKULL INNER LAYER ATTACHED TO ARACHNOID, CONTINUOUS WITH SPINAL DURA SINUSES FORMED BY SPACES BETWEEN DURAL LAYERS ARACHNOID – THIN, FLEXIBLE CONNECTIVE TISSUE ATTACHED TO PIA WITH ARACHNOID TRABECULAE PIA – THINNEST LAYER FUSED TO SURFACE OF BRAIN FOLLOWS GYRI AND SULCI

10. SINUSES VS CISTERNS SINUSES – WITHIN DURA (BETWEEN LAYERS) CISTERNS – SUBARACHNOID SPACE SUPRASELLAR QUADRIGEMINAL INFRAPONTINE CISTERNA MAGNA

11. FALX CEREBRI AND TENTORIUM CEREBELLI FOLDS OF THE INNER LAYER OF DURA MATER SEPARATING THE CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES AND THE CEREBRUM FROM THE CEREBELLUM Outer layer of dura Inner layer of dura Left hemisphereRight hemisphere FALX CEREBRI

14. VIDEO FOR VISUALS ONLY HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=J2OVJN2ALLE CRANIOSACRAL MOVEMENT IS BS, BUT THIS VIDEO IS USEFUL FOR THE VISUALS

15. VEINS AND SINUSES USE PAGES 21, 23 AND 29 OF YOUR ATLAS BUILD A COMPLETE PICTURE OF THE VEINS AND SINUSES IN THE BRAIN FLOWCHART, DRAWING, ONLINE IMAGES – HOWEVER YOU WANT TO REPRESENT THE INFO 10 MINUTES

16. CSF DRAINAGE CSF DRAINS FROM SUBARACHNOID SPACE DIRECTLY TO THE SINUSES ARACHNOID VILLI/GRANULATIONS

17. VENTRICLES 1&2 – AKA LATERAL VENTRICLES, IN HEMISPHERES INTERVENTRICULAR FORAMEN (OF MONROE) 3 – IN DIENCEPHALON CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT 4 – IN PONS/MEDULLA/CEREBELLUM 2 LATERAL & 1 MEDIAL FORAMEN TO SUBARACHNOID SPACE

18. LATERAL VENTRICLES ANTERIOR HORN BODY (SPLENIUM) ATRIUM POSTERIOR HORN INFERIOR HORN

22. DISCUSSION QUESTIONS WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER AND THE CHOROID PLEXUS? WHAT DID THE VENTRICULAR SYSTEM DEVELOP FROM?

23. READING CHECK 1.WHAT DOES “LEPTOMENINGES” REFER TO? 2.WHICH TYPE OF MENINGITIS HAS A BETTER OUTLOOK? 3.WHAT IS THE TREATMENT OF CHOICE FOR A LARGE EPIDURAL HEMATOMA? 4.WHAT IS A BRIDGING VEIN? (INVOLVED IN SUBDURAL HEMATOMAS)? 5.WHAT DOES IT LOOK LIKE IN A CT WHEN THERE IS AIR IN THE CRANIAL CAVITY? 6.WHICH ARTERIES SUPPLY THE CP IN THE 4 TH VENTRICLE?

24. READING CHECK 1.WHICH TYPE OF HEMATOMA IS RESTRAINED BY SUTURE LINES? 2.ARE MENINGIOMAS CURABLE IF THEY CAN BE COMPLETELY REMOVED? 3.WHAT MAJOR STRUCTURE DOES A PARASAGITTAL MENINGIOMA INVOLVE? 4.THE CAUDATE NUCLEUS (BLUE IN BOOK) IS LOCATED ___________ TO THE LATERAL VENTRICLES. 5.CAN BLOOD BE FOUND IN THE SAS AND THE VENTRICLES IN A PATIENT AT THE SAME TIME? 6.WHERE IS THE CP LOCATED IN THE 3 RD VENTRICLE AND WHAT ARTERY SUPPLIES IT?

25. ORDER OF ATTACK MENINGES VEINS/SINUSES VENTRICLES ARTERIES DISORDERS

26. CIRCLE OF WILLIS ENTERING CIRCLE: BASILAR ARTERY, INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERIES WITHIN CIRCLE ONLY: POSTERIOR COMMUNICATING, ANTERIOR COMMUNICATING EXITING CIRCLE: POSTERIOR CEREBRAL, MIDDLE CEREBRAL, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL

27. VIDEOS FOR YOUR REFERENCE HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=9HHFM7RQHIM HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=_YBXDHOS9FU

28. CEREBRAL ARTERIES EACH CEREBRAL ARTERY IS BROKEN INTO SEGMENTS TO UNDERSTAND LOCATIONS OF STROKES MORE EASILY ACA HAS 5 SEGMENTS MCA HAS 4 SEGMENTS PCA HAS 4 SEGMENTS

29. ACA (PG 29 OF HAINES) A1 – PORTION OF ACA WITHIN THE CIRCLE OF WILLIS NO MAJOR BRANCHES A2 – PORTION OF ACA BETWEEN ANTERIOR COMMUNICATING AND BIFURCATION OF PERICALLOSAL AND CALLOSOMARGINAL.* ORBITAL AND FRONTOPOLAR BRANCHES A3 – PERICALLOSAL ARTERY A4 AND A5 – SMALL TERMINAL BRANCHES OF ACA *CALLOSOMARGINAL ARTERY EXISTS IN ABOUT 60% OF THE POPULATION

31. MCA (PG 39 OF HAINES) M1 – PORTION OF MCA BEFORE BIFURCATION SUPPLIES BASAL GANGLIA, CHOROID PLEXUS OF LATERAL VENTRICLES M2 – PORTIONS OF MCA COURSING OVER INSULA M3 – PORTIONS OF MCA COURSING ALONG UNDERSIDES (DEEP SURFACES) OF PARIETAL AND TEMPORAL LOBES M4 – BRANCHES OF MCA SUPPLYING LATERAL SURFACE OF CORTEX: ORBITOFRONTAL, PREROLANDIC, ROLANDIC, ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR PARIETAL BRANCHES, ANGULAR, ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR TEMPORAL BRANCHES.

33. PCA (PG 21 OF HAINES) P1 – PORTION OF PCA WITHIN CIRCLE OF WILLIS SUPPLIES MIDBRAIN, THALAMUS, CHOROID PLEXUS OF LATERAL AND 3 RD VENTRICLES P2 – PORTION OF PCA OUTSIDE OF CIRCLE, BEFORE MAJOR BRANCHES P3 – ANTERIOR TEMPORAL, POSTERIOR TEMPORAL, AND CONTINUATION OF PCA P4 – PARIETO-OCCIPITAL, CALCARINE

35. VERTEBROBASILAR SYSTEM BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE BRAINSTEM AND CEREBELLUM! INFERIOR TO SUPERIOR: VERTEBRAL A POSTERIOR INFERIOR CEREBELLAR A ANTERIOR SPINAL A BASILAR A (ONLY ONE NOT PAIRED) ANTERIOR INFERIOR CEREBELLAR A PONTINE A SUPERIOR CEREBELLAR PCA

36. ARTERY, SINUS, CSF REVIEW INDIVIDUALLY OR WITH A PARTNER CREATE A FLOW CHART FOR EACH (AGAIN BUT BETTER!): RED BLOOD CELLS CSF 20 MINUTES

37. DISORDER IDENTIFICATION BLOOD FROM A VEIN POOLS IN THE SUBDURAL SPACE BLOOD FROM AN ARTERY POOLS IN THE SUBARACHNOID SPACE BLOOD FROM AN ARTERY POOLS IN THE EPIDURAL SPACE AN EMBOLUS OCCLUDES THE MCA WITH SYMPTOMS LASTING LESS THAN 24 HOURS AN EMBOLUS OCCLUDES THE ACA WITH SYMPTOMS LASTING LONGER THAN 24 HOURS

38. QUESTIONS AND FEEDBACK

39. EXTRA TIME MEET WITH YOUR PATHWAY PROJECT GROUP TO START OR CONTINUE WORKING ON YOUR PROJECT!