1. Plants
How are plants used in maintaining good health?

2. Medical Plant Project Student Project:
Identify a plant that can be used as a treatment for illness or as a supplement to support good health.

3. Medical Plant Project
Research the cultural and historical use of your selected plant as a medical treatment.
Review and list multiple sources to understand the effectiveness of your plant.

4. You must make a visual presentation.
Medical Plant Project
Follow hand-out for further information.
You must make a visual presentation.
Use Animoto or other format.
Music is OK.

5. Plants Plant medical property project:
You may work with one to two other students.
Project is due April 22. Outline due April 15.
Will count as a test grade.

6. Medical Plants Rubric
History, location of origin, medical properties, how it helps people will be required.
50% oral and visual presentation,
3 minutes in length. Any format.
50% written presentation including grammar, spelling, and neatness. Must be typed.

7. Plants Question: What is a plant?
Question: What are some characteristics of plants?
Size: Microscopic to more than a football field in height (+300ft).
Most have roots or root-like structures.
Require water.

8. Parts of The Plant

9. Question: What is the largest part of a plant?
Roots

10. Roots Question: What is the purpose of roots?
Transport water and other substances.
Anchor
Support
Store food Video: Roots 1:43

11. Roots Taproot System 2 Types of Root Systems
Primary root grows down from the stem with some small secondary roots forming
Examples: Carrots & Turnips

12. Roots
Fibrous System
Small lateral roots that spread out just below the soil’s surface
Examples: Corn & Beans

13. Parts of the Root Epidermis Cortex
Outermost layer of cells
Cortex
Tissue inside epidermis that stores starch and other substances necessary for the growth of the root

14. Parts of the Root Root Hairs Vascular Tissue Site of absorption
Contains cells that transport water, nutrients, and minerals to all parts of the plant

15. Root Cross Section Video: MSB How plants get water 2

16. Leaves Blade Main body of leaf Petiole Attaches blade to stem Midrib
Large central vein

17. Leaf Cell Layers Epidermis: Upper and lower surface of a leaf.
Waxy cuticle: coats Epidermis.
Stomata: Opening in leaf to allow;
What gases to enter the leaf?
Carbon dioxide to enter
What gas to exit the leaf?
Oxygen to exit the leaf.

18. Leaf Cell Layers
Guard Cells: Two guard cells surround each stoma to open and close it.
Video: Plant Cells 3:25, Types of plant cells 2:43

19. Stomata in Leaves
Stomata open and close, which allows gases into and out of a leaf. This lab will allow you to see some stomata.
Bend the piece of lettuce in half and carefully use a pair of forceps to peel off some of the epidermis, the transparent tissue (cuticle) that covers the leaf.
Prepare a wet mount of this tissue.
Examine your prepared slide under low and high power on the microscope.

20. Stomata in Leaves
4. Count the number of stomata in your field of view and then count the no. of open stomata. Enter this no. in your lab report.
5. Make a second slide of the lettuce leaf using a salt solution.
6. Repeat steps 4 and 5.
7. Calculate the percent of open stomata:
no. of open stomata/total no. of stomata

21. Stomata in Leaves Conclude and Apply
In your lab report answer the following questions prior to turning in.
Determine which slide preparation had a greater percentage of open stomata.
Infer why fewer stomata were open in the salt-solution mount.
What can you infer about the function of stomata in a leaf?

22. Plants Leaves: Where the food making process occurs.
What is the name of that process?
Photosynthesis
We will study photosynthesis in great depth later.
Question: What is the plant in the middle picture?

23. Plants
Leaf Cell Layers

24. Leaf Cross Section

25. Leaf Cell Layers
Just below the epidermis is the palisade layer where most of the food is produced.
Video: Leaves 2:52

26. Important Functions of Leaves
Photosynthesis
Process that plants use to produce their food
6CO2 + 6H2OC6H O2
Transpiration
Loss of water and exchange of carbon dioxide

27. Functions of the Stem
1. Transports water and nutrients from roots to leaves
2. Supports leaves, fruits and flowers
3. Food Storage
Video: Stems 3:16

28. Stem Cross Section Video Roots, Stems, Leaves 1:10

29. Site of seed production
Fruit’s Function
Site of seed production

31. Flower Parts Pistil Stigma Style Ovary Female part of plant
Consists of:
Stigma
Style
Ovary

32. Flower Parts
Stamen
Male reproductive organ

33. Flower Function Sexual Reproduction is the flowers sole function.
Pollination by:
Wind
Insects and Birds
Video: Flowers :31

34. Plants
Question: Why do plants have cell walls and animals do not?

35. Question: What do plants use chlorophyll for?
Most plants have a green pigment called chlorophyll.
Question: What do plants use chlorophyll for?
Chlorophyll is used to make food in a process called photosynthesis.

36. Chlorophyll is found in a cell structure called a chloroplast.

37. Water is important for plants.
What adaptations would help a plant to conserve water?
Covering many plants is a cuticle.
A waxy, protective layer secreted by cells onto the surface of the plant.

38. Lab Demonstration Procedure:
Materials; water, paper towels, wax paper, paper clips, and string.
Procedure:
Wet three paper towel squares.
Leave one paper towel uncovered.
Cover one side of another with wax paper.
Sandwich a third paper towel between two sheets of wax paper.
Hang the samples to dry.
Observe how long it takes each towel to dry.

39. Lab Demonstration
Class assignment:
Write in you science notebook (left side)
How are the paper towels covered with wax paper like plant leaves with cuticles?

40. In animals the skeleton provides support.
What provides support for a plant?
Cell walls which contain cellulose.
Cellulose molecules form tangled fibers in plant cell walls providing support.

41. Classification of Plants
Vascular plants: Have tube-like structures that carry water, and nutrients throughout the plant.

42. Classification of Plants
Nonvascular plants: Do not have tube-like structures and use other ways to move water and substances.

43. Seedless Plants
Nonvascular plants like moss are only a few cells thick. Each cell absorbs water directly from it environment.
Vascular plants distribute water and nutrients to all plant cells.
Question: Which type of plant can grow larger; nonvascular and vascular?
Vascular can grow bigger and thicker because the vascular tissue distributes the water and nutrients.

44. Seedless Plants Question: Name parts of a plant.
Roots
Stems
Leaves
Flowers
Question: What do the flowers produce?
Seeds

45. Seedless Plants Question: Do all plants reproduce from seeds?
Some plants reproduce by spores.

46. Seedless Plants
Question: Can you name a plant that does not have seeds and uses spores to reproduce?
Mosses
Ferns
Video: Plants that
make spores. 2:34

47. Seedless Plants Ferns and Mosses:
We now know that they do not reproduce by seeds but use spores. Therefore they are alike in that way.
Question: How are they different?
Think vascular, nonvascular

48. Seedless Plants
Peat and Coal: As seedless plants died they compacted and compressed and turned into peat. Over time the peat turned into coal.

49. Seedless Plants
Peat supplies about one third of Ireland’s energy requirements.
Brain Pop: Seedless Plants

50. Seed Plants
Most seed plants have leaves, stems, roots, and vascular tissue.
They also produce seeds.
Question: What is inside a seed?
Embryo and stored food. Video: Seeds 2, MSB How a plant makes seeds 3:02

51. Gymnosperms
Gymnosperms: Vascular plants that produce seeds that are not protected by fruit.
Question: What is an example of this type of plant?
Conifers: Pines, firs, spruces, redwoods.

52. Angiosperms
Angiosperms: A vascular plant that flowers and produces fruit with one or more seeds.
Question: What is an example of an angiosperm?

53. Angiosperms Life cycle of angiosperms.
Question: What do you call a plant that has a life cycle of one year?

54. Angiosperms
Question: What do you call a plant that continues to survive for many years?
Perennial
Brain Pop: Seed Plants

55. Seed Plant Class Work
Create a list of as many products of seed plants that you can think.
Examples: Potato Chips, oranges.
Video: Sci. of Plants 22