1. Function shapes structure… Structure enables function What functions and structures exist? Those passed on by past generations… Evolution

3. Plants grow and reproduce, as well as, respond to the environment. CB 35.2

4. Plants grow and reproduce, respond to the environment… today- transport

5. CB 35.9 Types of Plant Cells: defined by function and cell wall

6. CB 6.9

7. CB 35.9 60  m Parenchyma cells- most common cells; primary cell walls

8. CB 35.16 Parenchyma in a stem

9. CB 35.9 Collenchyma cells- unevenly thickened cell walls; flexible support 80  m

10. Collenchyma in a leaf

11. CB 35.9 Sclerenchyma cells- Thickened secondary walls (inside primary wall); with lignin; rigid 5  m 25  m

12. CB 35.9 Water conducting cells of Xylem: vessels and tracheids (types of sclerenchyma) 100  m

13. Sugar conducting cells of Phloem: sieve-tubes and companion cells 15  m 30  m CB 35.9

14. CB 35.18 Plants transport water, sugar, minerals, hormones, etc through the vascular system comprised of xylem and phloem

15. CB 36.2 Water travels from ground out through stomata via xylem

16. CB 36.2 The exit of water through stomata is accompanied by gas exchange

17. CB 36.2 Sunlight powers photosynthesis and these sugars are transported via phloem

18. The direction of Phloem transport is versatile.

19. CB 36.8 Plant cell to cell transport can occur by two pathways: symp[lastic and apoplastic plasmodesmata

20. CB 36.17 Sugar is loaded at sources and unloaded at sinks

21. CB 36.18 Sugar is loaded at sources and unloaded at sinks source: leaf sink: root, flower, emerging leaf etc…

22. CB 35.18 Plants transport water, sugar, minerals, hormones…

23. CB 36.7 Much of plant support comes from turgor pressure.

24. CB 36.13 Water moves from the ground through roots into the shoot and out stomata in the leaves.

25. CB 35.12 and.13 In roots the vascular bundle is in the center

26. CB 36.9 The casparian strip of the endodermis keeps water from entering the xylem via a purely apoplastic route.

27. CB 36.13 What moves the water through the xylem?

28. CB 35.17

29. Stomata control entry of CO 2 and exit of H 2 O from plant leaves Stomata CB 36.12

30. Stomata on the underside of a leaf

31. CB 36.15 Guard cell opening is regulated by turgor

32. CB 36.13 What moves the water through the xylem? Transpiration, Adhesion, Cohesion, and Tension

33. water transport limits plant growth

34. xylem phloem More xylem is needed for more water transport: secondary growth

35. xylem phloem Xylem is tough, and full of lignin- inhibits the ability to use plants to produce biofuels