1. Basic Botany Part 2

2. REVIEW

3. Transpiration Loss of water (as vapor) from a plant
Water evaporates into air spaces within the leaf
Vapor diffuses out of the leaf through structures called stomata
Diffusion is the movement of a substance from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration in order to form an equilibrium.

4. Path of water through the plant

5. Functions of Transpiration
Moves minerals up the stem
Maintains cell turgidity
Cools plant

6. Regulating Factors Opening and closing of stomata.
Amount of soil water
Air temperature
Light
Humidity
Wind

7. FLOWERS
Functions
Sexual Reproduction
Fruit and Seed Production

8. Flower Parts
Sterile parts – sepals (protect bud)-called calyx before bud opens: petals (attract insects or birds for pollination)- jointly called a corolla.
Fertile parts – stamen (filament and anther) are the male parts: pistil (stigma, style, ovary, and ovule) comprise the female parts.

9. Flower Types Complete – all parts present. eg. Rose
Incomplete – missing one or more parts
Perfect – has both stamen and pistil.
Imperfect – either staminate or pistillate

10. Imperfect Flowers Monoecious Dioecious
LOOK AT ALSTROMERIA AND CARNATION.
Alstromeria is a monocot with 3 sepals, 3 petals, 6 stamens, and 3 stigmas.
Carnation is a dicot with 5 sepals (fused), 5 petals (or multiples of 5). Stamens fused to petals (multiples of 5), and 2 styles.

11. Pollination Pollen and ovule are haploid (monoploid).
The seed inside the ovule is diploid after fertilization.

12. Types of Fruit Simple Aggregate Multiple
LOOK AT PEANUT, SUNFLOWER SEEDS, STRAWBERRIES, and PEA PODS.

13. Plant Physiology Internal Plant Structures
Xylem
Phloem
Xylem (wood)
-thick-walled, tube like cells
-stacked one on top of another
-upward transport of water and minerals
Phloem
-thin-walled, tube-like cells
downward transport of sugars mostly

14. Root Organization Meristematic Tissues Mature Tissues
Meristematic tissues are embryonic tissues.
-occurs at the root tip
-as it develops it changes into the zone of elongation and then the zone of maturation
-has a root cap for protection
Mature tissues include the xylem and phloem in a simple cylinder, and an outer cortex for storage.

15. Meristematic Tissues in Stems
Mature tissues, xylem and phloem, are found on the next three slides

16. Stem Organization
Monocot

17. Stem Organization Herbaceous Dicots

18. Stem Organization Woody Dicot

19. Leaf Organization

20. Plant Processes
Transpiration
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration

21. Photosynthesis
Conversion of light energy into stable chemical energy (sugar).
Plant converts sugars into long-term storage products including starches, oils, and proteins.

22. Factors Regulating Photosynthesis
Concentration of carbon dioxide in plant.
Availability of water.
Temperature.

23. Cellular Respiration Breakdown of “foods” to release useable energy.
Uses energy for growth and reproduction.

24. Comparison Photosynthesis to Respiration

25. Control of Plant Growth External (Environmental)
Water
Temperature
Light
Water uses such processes as transpiration (permanent wilting point) as well as a cutin layer (cuticle) over the epidermis, and the stomata.
Temperature needs to be between 45 and 95 degree fahrenheit.
Light involves color, direction (phototropism) and duration (photoperiodism).