1. RISKY SHIFT:
LAB REPORT WRITE-UP
Week 7 Practical

2. SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS
RISKY SHIFT
WEEK 7 PRACTICAL
LECTURE
PRACTICAL
WEEK 1
NO LECTURE
NO PRACTICAL
WEEK 2
NONPARAMETRICS 1
1ST PRACTICAL
WEEK 3
NONPARAMETRICS 2
1ST ANALYSIS
WEEK 4
1ST ANALYSIS (BY HAND)
WEEK 5
SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS
2ND PRACTICAL
WEEK 6
HYPOTHESIS TESTING
2ND ANALYSIS
WEEK 7
RELATED T-TEST
2ND ANALYSIS (BY HAND)
WEEK 8
INDEPENDENT T-TEST
3RD PRACTICAL
WEEK 9
INDEPENDENT ANOVA
3RD ANALYSIS
WEEK 10
DEPENDENT ANOVA
NO PRACTICAL

3. BY THE END OF THE SESSION, YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
RISKY SHIFT
LEARNING OUTCOMES
BY THE END OF THE SESSION, YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
Understand the way in which the practical reports will be marked and what you have to do to do well!
Learn to calculate the Friedman and Wilcoxon test by hand.
Clarify any additional problems that you may have regarding this lab report with your friendly neighbourhood demonstrators.

4. 2 12 20 20 20 20 6 IV and DV included, precise, concise
RISKY SHIFT
PRACTICAL WRITE-UP 2
IV and DV included, precise, concise
TITLE 12
Maximum 150 words, summary of all sections
ABSTRACT 20
Clear structure leading to experimental rationale
INTRODUCTION
Evidence of extra reading, beyond the handouts 20
METHOD
Sufficient information to replicate the study
Participants, materials, design, procedure 20
Clear and logical descriptive and inferential stats
RESULTS
Well designed figures related to the findings 20
Summary of main results, relating to introduction
DISCUSSION
Evaluation of study, suggestions for future 6
REFERENCES
APA formatted, consistent with references in text
APPENDICES
Handouts, SPSS printouts, workings out…

5. RISKY SHIFT
REMINDER: FRIEDMAN

6. You will need to attach the completed worksheet to your lab report.
RISKY SHIFT
FRIEDMAN BY HAND
First you should complete the “How to carry out a Friedman Test” worksheet. We will go through this with you.
For ease, you will be working with a small data set rather than the Risky Shift data set.
You will need to attach the completed worksheet to your lab report.

7. STEP 1: Rank each participant's scores individually
RISKY SHIFT
FRIEDMAN BY HAND
STEP 1: Rank each participant's scores individually
Participant
Cond 1
RANK
Cond 2
Cond 3 1
4.6 5
3.4 2
6.8
5.0 3
6.6 4
5.8
4.2
5.4 6
6.2 7
7.0 8

8. STEP 1: Rank each participant's scores individually
RISKY SHIFT
FRIEDMAN BY HAND
STEP 1: Rank each participant's scores individually
Participant
Cond 1
RANK
Cond 2
Cond 3 1
4.6 2 5 3
3.4
6.8
1.5
5.0
6.6 4
5.8
4.2
5.4 6
6.2 7
7.0 8
2.5

9. STEP 2: Calculate the rank total for each condition
RISKY SHIFT
FRIEDMAN BY HAND
STEP 2: Calculate the rank total for each condition
Participant
Cond 1
RANK
Cond 2
Cond 3 1
4.6 2 5 3
3.4
6.8
1.5
5.0
6.6 4
5.8
4.2
5.4 6
6.2 7
7.0 8
2.5
Tc1 =
Tc2 =
Tc3 =

10. STEP 2: Calculate the rank total for each condition
RISKY SHIFT
FRIEDMAN BY HAND
STEP 2: Calculate the rank total for each condition
Participant
Cond 1
RANK
Cond 2
Cond 3 1
4.6 2 5 3
3.4
6.8
1.5
5.0
6.6 4
5.8
4.2
5.4 6
6.2 7
7.0 8
2.5
Tc1 =
22.5
Tc2 = 14
Tc3 =
11.5

11. STEP 3: Square the rank totals and add them together
RISKY SHIFT
FRIEDMAN BY HAND
STEP 3: Square the rank totals and add them together
Participant
Cond 1
RANK
Cond 2
Cond 3 1
4.6 2 5 3
3.4
6.8
1.5
5.0
6.6 4
5.8
4.2
5.4 6
6.2 7
7.0 8
2.5
Tc1 =
22.5
Tc2 = 14
Tc3 =
11.5
Tc1² =
Tc2² =
Tc3² =
ƩTc² =

12. STEP 3: Square the rank totals and add them together
RISKY SHIFT
FRIEDMAN BY HAND
STEP 3: Square the rank totals and add them together
Participant
Cond 1
RANK
Cond 2
Cond 3 1
4.6 2 5 3
3.4
6.8
1.5
5.0
6.6 4
5.8
4.2
5.4 6
6.2 7
7.0 8
2.5
Tc1 =
22.5
Tc2 = 14
Tc3 =
11.5
Tc1² =
506.25
Tc2² =
196
Tc3² =
132.25
ƩTc² = 834.5

13. STEP 4: Answer the following questions:-
RISKY SHIFT
FRIEDMAN BY HAND
STEP 4: Answer the following questions:-
How many conditions?
C =
How many participants?
N =

14. STEP 4: Answer the following questions:-
RISKY SHIFT
FRIEDMAN BY HAND
STEP 4: Answer the following questions:-
How many conditions?
C = 3
How many participants?
N = 8

15. RISKY SHIFT
FRIEDMAN BY HAND
STEP 5: Enter the values for ‘N’, ‘C’ and ‘ƩTc²’ into the formula below
N = 8
C = 3
ƩTc² = 834.5

16. RISKY SHIFT
FRIEDMAN BY HAND
STEP 5: Enter the values for ‘N’, ‘C’ and ‘ƩTc²’ into the formula below

17. RISKY SHIFT
FRIEDMAN BY HAND
STEP 5: Enter the values for ‘N’, ‘C’ and ‘ƩTc²’ into the formula below

18. RISKY SHIFT
FRIEDMAN BY HAND
STEP 6: Calculate the degrees of freedom
df = C – 1
df =
STEP 7: Determine statistical significance
Assessing the statistical significance of r² depends on the number of participants and the number of groups.
a) Less than 9 participants = Use a special table of critical values (on Graham’s website)
b) 9 or more participants = Use a Chi-Square table (on Graham’s website)
Χr² ( ) = , p

19. RISKY SHIFT
REMINDER: WILCOXON

20. You will need to attach the completed worksheet to your lab report.
RISKY SHIFT
WILCOXON BY HAND
Now you should complete the “How to carry out a Wilcoxon Test” worksheet. Again, we will go through this with you.
You will be working with a small data set again rather than the Risky Shift data set.
You will need to attach the completed worksheet to your lab report.

21. STEP 1: Calculate the difference between scores
RISKY SHIFT
WILCOXON BY HAND
STEP 1: Calculate the difference between scores
Participant
Condition A
Condition B
Difference 1 25 32 2 29 30 3 10 8 4 31 5 27 20 6 24 7 26 9 11 12

22. STEP 1: Calculate the difference between scores
RISKY SHIFT
WILCOXON BY HAND
STEP 1: Calculate the difference between scores
Participant
Condition A
Condition B
Difference 1 25 32 -7 2 29 30 -1 3 10 8 4 31 5 27 20 7 6 24 -8 26 9 -2 11
-10 12
-28

23. STEP 2: Rank the differences
RISKY SHIFT
WILCOXON BY HAND
STEP 2: Rank the differences
Participant
Condition A
Condition B
Difference
Rank 1 25 32 -7 2 29 30 -1 3 10 8 4 31 5 27 20 7 6 24 -8 26 9 -2 11
-10 12
-28

24. STEP 2: Rank the differences
RISKY SHIFT
WILCOXON BY HAND
STEP 2: Rank the differences
Ignore the sign of the difference (whether it is positive or negative)
If more participants have the same difference
Add up the ranks they would take
Divide this by the number of ranks
For example: -1 is the lowest difference, of which there are 4. Add up the ranks: = 10, then divide this by the number of ranks: 10 / 4 = 2.5
Ignore differences of zero

25. STEP 2: Rank the differences
RISKY SHIFT
WILCOXON BY HAND
STEP 2: Rank the differences
Participant
Condition A
Condition B
Difference
Rank 1 25 32 -7
7.5 2 29 30 -1
2.5 3 10 8
5.5 4 31 5 27 20 7 6 24 -8 9 26 -2
Omit 11
-10 12
-28

26. STEP 3: Add together ranks belonging to scores with a positive sign
RISKY SHIFT
WILCOXON BY HAND
STEP 3: Add together ranks belonging to scores with a positive sign
Participant
Condition A
Condition B
Difference
Rank 1 25 32 -7
7.5 2 29 30 -1
2.5 3 10 8
5.5 4 31 5 27 20 7 6 24 -8 9 26 -2
Omit 11
-10 12
-28

27. STEP 3: Add together ranks belonging to scores with a positive sign
RISKY SHIFT
WILCOXON BY HAND
STEP 3: Add together ranks belonging to scores with a positive sign
Participant
Condition A
Condition B
Difference
Rank 1 25 32 -7
7.5 2 29 30 -1
2.5 3 10 8
5.5 4 31 5 27 20 7 6 24 -8 9 26 -2
Omit 11
-10 12
-28

28. STEP 4: Add together ranks belonging to scores with a negative sign
RISKY SHIFT
WILCOXON BY HAND
STEP 4: Add together ranks belonging to scores with a negative sign
Participant
Condition A
Condition B
Difference
Rank 1 25 32 -7
7.5 2 29 30 -1
2.5 3 10 8
5.5 4 31 5 27 20 7 6 24 -8 9 26 -2
Omit 11
-10 12
-28

29. STEP 5: Determine value of W
Positive sign ranks:
= 13
Negative sign ranks:
=53
W-value is the smallest of these sums

30. STEP 6: Determine N N = Number of differences Omit zero differences

31. STEP 7: Check critical valueN
.05
.025
.01
.005 9 8 6 3 2 10 11 5 14 7 12 17 13 21 26 16

32. RISKY SHIFT
YOUR CHOICE
YOU HAVE THE REST OF THE SESSION TO FOCUS ON WHAT YOU THINK YOU NEED TO IMPROVE YOUR UNDERSTANDING
LAB REPORT
NONPARAMETRICS
Make sure you are happy with your interpretation of the SPSS output in relation to the three experimental hypotheses ,and make sure you know what needs to go into your lab report to get the best marks.
Download ‘problem5’ and start to work through the questions related to the forthcoming related t-test (as well as some problems relating to correlation and regression).