1. AMY AIELLO, KATO BAILEY, NINA BARONE ANKLE JOINT https://www.google.com/search?q=Ankle+Biomechanics+Picture&biw=1238&bih=568&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=eO6CVb aAEoajNvK6gqgP&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAg#imgrc=pKjIL41rtlpWtM%253A%3BpPDh5wmftiv7oM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fi.ytimg.com %252Fvi%252FowN0BUcaeBg%252Fmaxresdefault.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.youtube.com%252Fwatch%253Fv%253DowN0 BUcaeBg%3B1280%3B720

2. ARTICULAR SURFACES Malleolar Mortise Tibia Articulation with the Talus http://www.slideshare.net/farhanali911/ankle-joint-33461221

3. LIGAMENTS OF THE ANKLE Lateral Ligament Resisted Movements: plantarflexion and dorsiflexion Muscles Involved: anterior talofibular (PF) and calcaneofibular and posterior talofibular (DF) http://www.coringroup.com/patientcaregivers/your_ligament/your_anatomy/foot_and_ankle_anatomy /

4. LIGAMENTS OF THE ANKLE Medial Ligament (Deltoid Ligament) – strong Resisted Movements: plantarflexion and dorsiflexion Muscles Involved: anterior part of medial ligament (PF); all 4 parts of medial ligament (DF) https://gymnasticsinjuries.wordpress.com/2012/09/30/anatomy-of-the-ankle/

5. MOVEMENTS Dorsiflexion (10-20°)and Plantar Flexion(30-50°) Eversion(10°) and Inversion (20°) http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?pid=S0012-73532012000600006&script=sci_arttext

6. MUSCULATURE DorsiflexionPlantar FlexionInversionEversion Muscles Affecting the Ankle Joint 1.TA 2.EHL 3.EDL 4.FT 1.FL (Weak) 2.FB (Weak) 3.Gastrocnemius 4.Soleus 5.Plantaris (weak) 6.FHL (weak) 7.FDL 8.TP Muscles Affecting the Subtalar Joint 1.TA 2.TP 1.FT 2.FL 3.FB 4.EDL: Slight Eversion

7. MUSCULATURE FIGURE A: Anterior and Posterior Compartment of the Leg FIGURE B: Lateral Compartment of the Leg https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/anatomy-11-legankle- joint/deck/1019587

8. REFERENCES Moore, K., & Agur, A. (2011). Essential clinical anatomy (5th ed., pp.385- 388). Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Dislocated Ankle. (n.d.). Retrieved June 15, 2015, from http://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/sport-injuries/ankle-achilles-shin- pain/dislocated-ankle Carter, S. R., & Stapp, M. D. (1998). Ankle Instability: The Brostrom-Gould Procedure. Podiatry Institute, 33-37. Corey, E. (2010, April). Lateral Ankle Sprains. UNC: Sports and Family Medicine, 1-5. Hertel, J. (2002). Functional Anatomy, Pathomechanixs, and Pathophysiology of Lateral Ankle Instability. Journal of Athletic Training, 37 (4), 364-375. Oatis, C. A. (1988). Biomechanics of the Foot and Ankle Under Static Conditions. Journal of the American Physical Therapy Association, 68 (12), 1815-1821. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. Sprains and Strains. (2015). Retrieved June 13, 2015, from http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Sprains_Strains/default.asp