1. The Urinary System Chapter 9

2. dia- Meaning: through between apart complete

3. Cyst/o, Vesic/o cyst sac of fluid Meaning urinary bladder Primary function is to store urine until it is excreted

4. Nephr/o Meaning kidney – Primary functions are to filter the blood to remove waste products maintain electrolyte concentrations and remove excess water to maintain the fluid volume in the body – Located retroperitoneally with one on each side of the vertebral column below the diaphragm

5. Nephr/o Nephrons are the functional units of the kidneys. They form urine by the processes of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.

6. glomerul/o Meaning glomerulus – Found in each nephron – A cluster of capillaries surrounded by a membrane called the Bowman’s capsule (plural, glomeruli)

7. lith/o Meaning stone -lithiasis – Presence of stones Calculus – Abnormal mineral deposit – Vary in size from small sand like granules up to the size of marbles – Named for the organ or tissue where they are located Nephrolithiasis – Kidney stones

8. -pexy Meaning surgical fixation Nephropexy – Surgical fixation of a floating kidney

9. pyel/o Meaning renal pelvis Bowl of kidney Major structure-Renal Pelvis – Primary function is to collect urine produced by the kidneys.

10. ren/o Meaning kidney

11. -tripsy Meaning to crush Lithotripsy – The destruction of a kidney stone with the use of ultrasonic waves traveling through water – Also known as extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy or ESWL (extracorporeal means situated or occurring outside the body)

12. ureter/o Meaning ureter Major structures- Ureters – Primary function Transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

13. urethr/o Meaning urethra Major structures-Urethra – Primary function Transports urine from the bladder through the urethral meatus where it is excreted from the body.

14. Meaning urination, voiding, or micturition Urea – Major waste product of protein metabolism Urine – Liquid waste products and urea to be excreted Urochrome – The pigment that gives urine its normal yellow-amber or straw color. – Color can be influenced by normal factors such as the amount of liquid consumed or by diseases and medications. -uria, Urin/o

15. homeostasis A state of equilibrium that produces a constant internal environment throughout the body Home/o – sameness -stasis – control

16. -cele Meaning hernia tumor Swelling Cystocele Hernia or the bladder through the vaginal wall

17. -ectasis Refers to stretching dilation enlargement of Ureterectasis – Distention of a ureter

18. -lysis Meaning breakdown separation setting free destruction Loosening Nephrolysis – The freeing of a kidney from adhesions (Adhesions are a band of fibers that hold structures together abnormally)