1. RISKY SHIFT:
LAB REPORT WRITE-UP
Week 7 Practical

2. LECTURE PRACTICAL WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 WEEK 5 WEEK 6 WEEK 7
RISKY SHIFT
WEEK 7 PRACTICAL
LECTURE
PRACTICAL
WEEK 1
NO LECTURE
NO PRACTICAL
WEEK 2
NONPARAMETRICS 1
1ST PRACTICAL
WEEK 3
NONPARAMETRICS 2
1ST ANALYSIS
WEEK 4
1ST ANALYSIS + PROBLEMS 1
WEEK 5
SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS
2ND PRACTICAL
WEEK 6
HYPOTHESIS TESTING
2ND ANALYSIS + SOLUTIONS 1
WEEK 7
RELATED T-TEST
2ND ANALYSIS + PROBLEMS 2
WEEK 8
INDEPENDENT T-TEST
3RD PRACTICAL
WEEK 9
INDEPENDENT ANOVA
3RD ANALYSIS + SOLUTIONS 2
WEEK 10
DEPENDENT ANOVA
3RD ANALYSIS + PROBLEMS 3

3. BY THE END OF THE SESSION, YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
RISKY SHIFT
LEARNING OUTCOMES
BY THE END OF THE SESSION, YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
Understand the way in which the practical reports will be marked and what you have to do to do well!
Learn to calculate the Wilcoxon test by hand.
Tackle an additional problem sheet which should help you understand the principles behind non-parametric tests more fully.
Clarify any additional problems that you may have regarding this lab report with your friendly neighbourhood demonstrators.

4. 2 12 20 20 20 20 6 IV and DV included, precise, concise
RISKY SHIFT
PRACTICAL WRITE-UP 2
IV and DV included, precise, concise
TITLE 12
Maximum 150 words, summary of all sections
ABSTRACT 20
Clear structure leading to experimental rationale
INTRODUCTION
Evidence of extra reading, beyond the handouts 20
METHOD
Sufficient information to replicate the study
Participants, materials, design, procedure 20
Clear and logical descriptive and inferential stats
RESULTS
Well designed figures related to the findings 20
Summary of main results, relating to introduction
DISCUSSION
Evaluation of study, suggestions for future 6
REFERENCES
APA formatted, consistent with references in text
APPENDICIES
Handouts, SPSS printouts, workings out…

5. DOWNLOAD AND SAVE THE FILE ‘WILCOXONBYHAND’
RISKY SHIFT
WILCOXON BY HAND
DOWNLOAD AND SAVE THE FILE ‘WILCOXONBYHAND’
First, you should be able to complete the smaller exercise on the Wilcoxonbyhand document, and check your workings using ‘wilcoxonbyhand_done’
There is an addition exercise which provides you with the steps to carry out a Wilcoxon by hand on the Risky Shift data using Excel. Taking a look at this exercise should improve your Excel skills if nothing else.
DO NOT PANIC ABOUT GETTING THROUGH BOTH EXERCISES.
FOCUS ON UNDERSTANDING HOW TO DO WILCOXON BY HAND.
DOWNLOAD AND SAVE THE FILE ‘WILCOXONBYHAND_DONE’

6. Follow the sheet to complete a Wilcoxon for the small data set.
RISKY SHIFT
WILCOXON BY HAND
Follow the sheet to complete a Wilcoxon for the small data set.
RATINGS + WITHIN Ss + 2 GROUPS
Wilcoxon test
Here’s a reminder of how to do the Wilcoxon ranking from the lecture…

7. BY THE END OF THE SESSION, YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
RISKY SHIFT
LEARNING OUTCOMES
BY THE END OF THE SESSION, YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
Understand the way in which the practical reports will be marked and what you have to do to do well!
Learn to calculate the Wilcoxon test by hand.
Tackle an additional problem sheet which should help you more fully understand the principles behind non-parametric tests.
Clarify any additional problems that you may have regarding this lab report with your friendly neighbourhood demonstrators.

8. RISKY SHIFT
YOUR CHOICE
YOU HAVE THE REST OF THE SESSION TO FOCUS ON WHAT YOU THINK YOU NEED TO IMPROVE YOUR UNDERSTANDING
LAB REPORT
TESTS BY HAND
NONPARAMETRICS
Make sure you are happy with your interpretation of the SPSS output in relation to the three experimental hypotheses ,and make sure you know what needs to go into your lab report to get the best marks.
Try working through the second Wilcoxon analysis using the ‘riskyinexcel’ workbook and compare your hand results with the results you obtained from SPSS.
The brave could also try a Friedman’s test by hand using Graham’s guide.
Download ‘problem5’ and start to work through the questions related to the forthcoming related t-test (as well as some problems relating to correlation and regression).

9. DOWNLOAD AND SAVE THE FILE ‘RISKYINEXCEL’
RISKY SHIFT
WILCOXON BY HAND
DOWNLOAD AND SAVE THE FILE ‘RISKYINEXCEL’
DOWNLOAD AND SAVE THE FILE ‘WILCOXONBYHAND’
There’s an awful lot of data here, so it’s probably best to focus on one of the hypotheses and take it slowly.
Q2: Is the average level of risk recorded in the PRE assessment different from the risk recorded in the GROUP assessment?
RATINGS + WITHIN Ss + 2 GROUPS
Wilcoxon test
At the bottom of the sheet (and the separate Word file), there are instructions on how to calculate Wilcoxon using Excel.

10. RATINGS + WITHIN Ss + 2 GROUPS Wilcoxon test
RISKY SHIFT
WILCOXON BY HAND
Q2: Is the average level of risk recorded in the PRE assessment different from the risk recorded in the GROUP assessment?
RATINGS + WITHIN Ss + 2 GROUPS
Wilcoxon test
1) CALCULATE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN D AND C SCORES IN (H) AND RETAIN THE SIGN.
= CELLab- CELLcd

11. RATINGS + WITHIN Ss + 2 GROUPS Wilcoxon test
RISKY SHIFT
WILCOXON BY HAND
Q2: Is the average level of risk recorded in the PRE assessment different from the risk recorded in the GROUP assessment?
RATINGS + WITHIN Ss + 2 GROUPS
Wilcoxon test
2) CALCULATE THE ABSOLUTE DIFFERENCE FOR (H) IN (J)
=ABS (CELL)

12. RATINGS + WITHIN Ss + 2 GROUPS Wilcoxon test
RISKY SHIFT
WILCOXON BY HAND
Q2: Is the average level of risk recorded in the PRE assessment different from the risk recorded in the GROUP assessment?
RATINGS + WITHIN Ss + 2 GROUPS
Wilcoxon test
3) COPY AND PASTE ID AND SCORE VALUES FROM COLUMN I AND J INTO COLUMN K AND L
EDIT > COPY

13. RATINGS + WITHIN Ss + 2 GROUPS Wilcoxon test
RISKY SHIFT
WILCOXON BY HAND
Q2: Is the average level of risk recorded in the PRE assessment different from the risk recorded in the GROUP assessment?
RATINGS + WITHIN Ss + 2 GROUPS
Wilcoxon test
4) SORT COLUMNS K AND L BY COLUMN L (RANKED DIFFERENCES)
DATA > SORT > SORT BY
We are doing this as an easy way to rank order the data, but we also need to keep track of whether these differences are positive or negative in the final analysis. Hence, each individual difference keeps its unique id code.

14. RATINGS + WITHIN Ss + 2 GROUPS Wilcoxon test
RISKY SHIFT
WILCOXON BY HAND
Q2: Is the average level of risk recorded in the PRE assessment different from the risk recorded in the GROUP assessment?
RATINGS + WITHIN Ss + 2 GROUPS
Wilcoxon test
5) BEGINNING WITH THE FIRST NON-ZERO DIFFERENCE IN COLUMN N ASSIGN RANK SCORES STARTING AT 1

15. RATINGS + WITHIN Ss + 2 GROUPS Wilcoxon test
RISKY SHIFT
WILCOXON BY HAND
Q2: Is the average level of risk recorded in the PRE assessment different from the risk recorded in the GROUP assessment?
RATINGS + WITHIN Ss + 2 GROUPS
Wilcoxon test
6) SCORES THAT SHARE THE SAME NON-ZERO DIFFERENCE MUST SHARE AVERAGE RANK IN COLUMN P
The first 11 numbers all share a difference of 0.4, so they are all assigned the rank value of 6 ( /11 = 6)

16. RATINGS + WITHIN Ss + 2 GROUPS Wilcoxon test
RISKY SHIFT
WILCOXON BY HAND
Q2: Is the average level of risk recorded in the PRE assessment different from the risk recorded in the GROUP assessment?
RATINGS + WITHIN Ss + 2 GROUPS
Wilcoxon test
7) TAKE THE SORTED ID VALUES FROM COLUMN K AND PASTE INTO COLUMN O
8) NOTE THAT IN COLUMN S, THE ORIGINAL SIGNED DIFFERENCES ARE ALREADY THERE

17. RATINGS + WITHIN Ss + 2 GROUPS Wilcoxon test
RISKY SHIFT
WILCOXON BY HAND
Q2: Is the average level of risk recorded in the PRE assessment different from the risk recorded in the GROUP assessment?
RATINGS + WITHIN Ss + 2 GROUPS
Wilcoxon test
9) SORT COLUMNS O AND P BY COLUMN O (ASCENDING)
DATA > SORT > SORT BY

18. RATINGS + WITHIN Ss + 2 GROUPS Wilcoxon test
RISKY SHIFT
WILCOXON BY HAND
Q2: Is the average level of risk recorded in the PRE assessment different from the risk recorded in the GROUP assessment?
RATINGS + WITHIN Ss + 2 GROUPS
Wilcoxon test
10) COPY AND PASTE VALUES FROM COLUMN P OVER TO COLUMN U
DATA > SORT > SORT BY

19. RATINGS + WITHIN Ss + 2 GROUPS Wilcoxon test
RISKY SHIFT
WILCOXON BY HAND
Q2: Is the average level of risk recorded in the PRE assessment different from the risk recorded in the GROUP assessment?
RATINGS + WITHIN Ss + 2 GROUPS
Wilcoxon test
11) REINSTATE NEGATIVE VALUES WHERE APPROPRIATE

20. RATINGS + WITHIN Ss + 2 GROUPS Wilcoxon test
RISKY SHIFT
WILCOXON BY HAND
Q2: Is the average level of risk recorded in the PRE assessment different from the risk recorded in the GROUP assessment?
RATINGS + WITHIN Ss + 2 GROUPS
Wilcoxon test
12) SORT COLUMN U (ASCENDING)

21. RATINGS + WITHIN Ss + 2 GROUPS Wilcoxon test
RISKY SHIFT
WILCOXON BY HAND
Q2: Is the average level of risk recorded in the PRE assessment different from the risk recorded in the GROUP assessment?
RATINGS + WITHIN Ss + 2 GROUPS
Wilcoxon test
Congratulations! You now have everything you need to finish the test!
SUM NEGATIVE
SUM POSITIVE
828 33
No. NEGATIVE
No. POSITIVE
TOTAL OBSERVATIONS 37 4 41
NOTE: This is exactly the same data produced by SPSS!

22. Congratulations! You now have everything you need to finish the test!
RISKY SHIFT
WILCOXON BY HAND
Q2: Is the average level of risk recorded in the PRE assessment different from the risk recorded in the GROUP assessment?
RATINGS + WITHIN Ss + 2 GROUPS
Wilcoxon test
Congratulations! You now have everything you need to finish the test!
SUM NEGATIVE
SUM POSITIVE
828 33
No. NEGATIVE
No. POSITIVE
TOTAL OBSERVATIONS 37 4 41
We use the smaller of the sums (33) as our observed W. We use the total number of non-zero observations (41) as our df.
Look up the critical value of W, taking into account N. If our obtained W is smaller than the critical value of W, we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that two groups do differ significantly.

23. RATINGS + WITHIN Ss + 2 GROUPS Wilcoxon test
RISKY SHIFT
WILCOXON BY HAND
Q2: Is the average level of risk recorded in the PRE assessment different from the risk recorded in the GROUP assessment?
RATINGS + WITHIN Ss + 2 GROUPS
Wilcoxon test
N = 41
Obtained W = 33
Critical W = 89
Obtained W < Critical W
There is a statistically significant difference between the two groups
Table only goes up to N = 25 but this is good enough
(the critical value would be much bigger than 89 for an N = 41)