2. Risk Management and PINs Why risk management is so important Why HSRs should be “qualified” to issue PINs 1 Training & Safety Consultants

3. Risk Management On Board a Vessel  The operator has the primary responsibility for managing risk on board a vessel Training & Safety Consultants2  Everyone has a duty of care regarding their own health and safety  Part of the HSR’s role is to carry out inspections where they relate to managing risks.

4. Managing Risk On Board a Vessel  Managing risk is not something that is done immediately before an inspection, or Training & Safety Consultants3  Immediately after an accident, incident or near miss It should be done all the time so it becomes normal practice.

5. Workplace Culture  Getting people to actually recognise there is a risk Training & Safety Consultants4  What level of risk is involved, and  How to manage it. Not everyone sees the same element of risk. What is risky to one person may be absolutely normal to another.

6. Why Risks Are Not Managed  Crewmen and women may not be observant Training & Safety Consultants5  It takes forward thinking  Crew need to be attuned to particular situations outside of their immediate task In some instances workers continue to do particular activities quite oblivious to the dangers to themselves and others.

7. HSRs Job  Bring risk management to the attention of the members of his/her work group Training & Safety Consultants6  Build a culture within the workforce that embraces a safe approach to every task Not just the bigger activities that need planning and permits, but everyday tasks.

8. Positive and Proactive Culture to Safety  Means letting everyone know there will not be any repercussions if they report a situation, or Training & Safety Consultants7  They have observed something that could lead to harm or injury  Apportioning blame is not part of the culture.

9. Normal Practice Once the workforce understands its role and what is required to keep a vessel safe, the culture begins to grow and over a fairly short period of time, taking a proactive approach to managing risks will become the normal practice. Training & Safety Consultants8 But first risks must be identified.

10. Inspections  Regular ongoing joint audits are commonly called inspections Training & Safety Consultants9  They enhance and build on the safety management plan  There are three types of inspections, regular, special and accident

11. Types of Inspections Regular Training & Safety Consultants10 Inspections are carried out on a recurring basis, for example, every month. The frequency relates to the size of the workplace, the number of workers involved and any other relevant factors, for example, monitoring a recognised risk.

12. Types of Inspections Special Training & Safety Consultants11 These inspections are to ensure new equipment or procedures don’t pose a risk. Inspections should be conducted when new pieces of equipment are installed; new procedures are put in place, or in response to other changes in the workplace.

13. Types of Inspections Accident Training & Safety Consultants12 Conducting these inspections is one of the roles of an HSR. Inspections are usually conducted after there has been an accident or dangerous occurrence or there is an immediate threat to the health and safety of any workers.

14. Disrupting Operations  Accident inspections could disrupt operations as the area may have to be isolated Training & Safety Consultants13  The inspection or investigation could take a short time or several hours The full cooperation of management and the workforce is critical when assessing the root cause of the accident.

15. Management Approach  For the workforce to fully embrace the concept and practice of managing risk, management must lead by example. Training & Safety Consultants14  Workers are more likely to be safety conscious if they see it is promoted from the top down.

16. Being Vigilant HSR’s need to encourage their peers to be vigilant about reporting any actual or perceived hazards, any systems that are not working properly, tasks that could be done in a safer way and the safer use of equipment. Training & Safety Consultants15 This is how a culture of using safe working practices is developed.

17. HSR’s Role  Lead by example and respond quickly to any situation Training & Safety Consultants16  Have excellent observation skills  Communicate effectively with operators, employers and the workforce  Be good negotiators These are all part of the consultative mechanisms that play a key role in the cooperation between management and employees

18. Intervention HSRs must be prepared to intervene immediately when something has been observed that could lead to an unsafe practice, for example, a worker not wearing his PPE. Training & Safety Consultants17 Often quick action can save a more serious situation from developing.

19. Lines of Communication  Keep all lines of communication open Training & Safety Consultants18  Encourage people to take a positive approach to managing risk  Encourage people to keep their workplace safe These three things will make the vessel run more efficiently and people will develop a natural instinct to use safe work practices.

20. PINs Should HSRs be “qualified” before they can issue PINs? Training & Safety Consultants19 Qualified means having completed the necessary five-day training and therefore competent. This has led to quite a debate at some levels. Although it is clear from the Act that strict guidelines are in place and should be followed, HSRs should know what is required before, during and after a PIN has been issued.

21. PINs  Know if the procedures within the safety management system include issue resolution Training & Safety Consultants20 HSRs should:  Speak to the person if there has been or potentially may be a breach and negotiate before issuing a PIN  Have a good understanding of the legislative requirements and have knowledge of the job, task, activity or system before considering issuing a PIN

22. PINs  As an HSR is required to form an opinion regarding the contravention or likely contravention, a new HSR may not have this knowledge or confidence in his or her opinion that something is not being done correctly Training & Safety Consultants21  This has led to the debate about HSRs being “qualified”

23. Consultation  The HSR must consult with the person supervising the work performed by the employee or employees in an attempt to reach agreement on rectifying the breach or likely contravention. This is part of the consultative mechanisms. Training & Safety Consultants22  If no agreement can be reached after all avenues have been explored, then a PIN may be issued.

24. PINs  As the Notice can specify the action the person in command is to take, the HSR needs to know the requirements of the Act otherwise he or she will not be able to list on the PIN the remedial measures to correct the situation Training & Safety Consultants23  As HSRs can also extend the period of the Notice, he or she has to have an opinion that it is appropriate to do so.

25. PINs  Once the PIN has been issued, the person, operator or employer, has the right to appeal and the HSR must know the procedure. If, for example, a PIN was issued incorrectly, an inspector may need to investigate the situation Training & Safety Consultants24  This is one of the reasons the HSR needs to know the Act and what is required.

26. PINs  It is also more likely the person who is receiving the PIN would take it much more seriously from a HSR who is “qualified” to issue it Training & Safety Consultants25  These are far reaching responsibilities that require a particular level of knowledge, understanding and an unbiased approach.

27. Training & Safety Consultants