1. Pelagic Longline Fishing Procedures & Gear http://www.panda.org

2. Introduction  Pelagic longlining is global Fig 2 in Lewison et al. 2004

3. Objectives  Define pelagic longlining & describe 1 potential impact  Describe 3 components of pelagic longline gear  List 2 types of specialized equipment you may encounter  Demonstrate ability to complete the Gear Description form

4. What is pelagic longlining?  Hook & line gear – uses bait to attract fish in pelagic zone  Pelagic = open ocean (usu. <250m fishing depth)

5. What is pelagic longlining?  Hook & line gear – uses bait to attract fish in pelagic zone  Pelagic = open ocean (usu. <250m fishing depth)  Primary targets: tuna, swordfish, sharks

6. What is pelagic longlining?  Hook & line gear – uses bait to attract fish in pelagic zone  Pelagic = open ocean (usu. <250m fishing depth)  Primary targets: tuna, swordfish, sharks  Bait = fish or squid depending on target

7. What is pelagic longlining?  Hook & line gear – uses bait to attract fish in pelagic zone  Pelagic = open ocean (usu. <250m fishing depth)  Primary targets: tuna, swordfish, sharks  Bait = fish or squid depending on target  Fishery impacts – bycatch of turtles, seabirds, sharks Nicolas Gascohttp://ccma.nos.noaa.gov F. Arocha

8. Data collection priorities 1. Estimate effort for each gear deployment; 2. Identify every individual caught on each set and assess catch condition and fate; 3. Collect biological information on target and other identified species as requested; 4. Record all sightings and interactions with marine mammals and sea turtles; 5. Record vessel and fishing gear characteristics.

9. How is gear fished?  Strategies http://www.cpc.noaa.gov/l http://www.meted.ucar.edu

10. How is gear fished?  Strategies  Deployment Photo: Kim Dietrich, Cape Town, 2010 www.montereybayaquarium.org

11. How is gear fished?  Strategies  Deployment  Retrieval  Video Video http://www.frpboat.cn/fishing-2998.asp

12. Gear components - overview Drawing modified from Hanrahan et al. 1997 Basket

13. Gear components - mainline

14. Gear components – gear markers Drawing modified from Hanrahan et al. 1997

17. Gear components - branchline Drawing modified from Hanrahan et al. 1997 Photo: Kim Dietrich, Cape Town 2010

18. Snap (clip; www.leadertec.com) Swivels (Beverly 2009)

19. Gear components - hooks

20. Gear components – other fish attracting devices Glow beads Chemical lights

21. Gear – setting devices  Line setter Drawing: BirdLife International 2010  Bait caster

22. Gear – hauling devices  Line hauler  Mainline drum  Branchline coiler  video video

23. Gear – seabird mitigation Photo: Washington Sea Grant Davit / tori pole Australia Department of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forestry

24. Gear – seabird mitigation Streamer curtain Water cannon Drawings: BirdLife International - Bycatch Mitigation Fact Sheet 12

25. Gear Description Form

29.  Questions about gear or the gear form?  Practice exercise Groups of 3-4 10 minutes to complete Gear Description Form Break – 10 minutes Discuss exercise

30. Gear Description Form Y2474 00555 347 1 4 800 1 7 2 5 500 3 9 2 ~3 227 1 5 braided nylon 1 2.25 272 1 7 1 1.56 136 1 7

31. Gear Description Form Mustad j-hook 9/0 stainless 0 Mustad circle 16/0 stainless slight X 2 X

32. Gear Description Form 14111411

33. Branchline coiler broke on July 7; Vessel sometimes trailed 100m of rubber hose to deter birds. Hose was yellow & 1cm in diameter. They also placed an orange road cone at the terminal end None

34. Summary  Describe pelagic longlining  What are the potential impacts of this fishery?  Describe 4 components of pelagic longline gear  List 2 types of specialized equipment you may encounter on pelagic longline vessels

35. References  Beverly, S. 2009. Longline terminal gear Identification guide - Draft. Submitted to the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission, Scientific Committee, Fifth Regular Session, 10-21 August 2009, Port Vila, Vanuatu, WCPFC-SC5-2009/FT-IP-01, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Marine Resources Division, Coastal Fisheries Programme, Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia.  BirdLife International Bycatch Mitigation Fact Sheet 11 (Version 1)  BirdLife International Bycatch Mitigation Fact Sheet 12 (Version 1)  Hanrahan, J., D. J. Melindy, and J. V. Pelrine. 1997. At-sea Observer Program Operations Manual: A Training Aid and Field Reference. National At-sea Fisheries Observer Program, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Ottawa, Canada.  Lewison, R. L., S. A. Freeman, and L. B. Crowder. 2004. Quantifying the effects of fisheries on threatened species: the impact of pelagic longlines on loggerhead and leatherback sea turtles. Ecology Letters 7:221-231.

36. Misc photos http://www.frpboat.cn/fishing-2998.asp http://www.ecplaza.net/search/0s1nf20sell/tuna_longline_fishing_vessel.html Cuban longline vessel: FAO Western Central Atlantic Fishery Commission. 2002