1. Chapter 34 Franklin Roosevelt and the Shadow of War (1933 – 1941)

2. The London Conference O Purpose of the conference? O “Organize a coordinated international attack on the global depression.” O Roosevelt withdrew from conference for fear of sacrificing US economy for world economy O Reflected US isolation

3. Freedom for the Filipinos…. O Tydings-McDuffie Act O Promised Philippines freedom (happens in 1946) O In 1933, US formally recognized the Soviet Union O Hope for trade O Counteract Germany and Japan

4. Becoming a Good Neighbor O Good Neighbor Policy O Improving relations with Latin America O Renounced armed intervention O Overturned the Roosevelt Corollary O Improved relations would help defend the Western Hemisphere

5. Secretary Hull’s Reciprocal Trade Agreements O Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act: O Gave power to Roosevelt to lower tariff rates on specific countries if they did the same O Passed in response to previous high tariffs (Hawley-Smoot) O Foreign trade increased

6. Storm-Cellar Isolationism O Growth of Totalitarianism in the 1930s O Stalin, Hitler, Mussolini O Japan and Germany sought to expand their borders O Japan began building battleships O Isolationism increases

7. Congress Legislates Neutrality O Nye Committee: O Investigated allegations US became involved in WWI to make $ for munitions companies O Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 O If there’s a war, restrictions automatically take effect O America could not sail on that country’s ships, sell weapons, or lend money O “No distinction between brutal aggressors and innocent victims.”

8. America Dooms Loyalist Spain O War in Spain between Fascists and left-leaning government (supported by USSR) O Due to Neutrality Acts, US could NOT help in the fight against the Fascists

9. **Appeasing Japan and Germany** O “Quarantine Speech” O In response to Italy and Japan O Felt countries should “quarantine” aggressive nations (embargoes) O Isolationists feared this could lead to war O Panay O American gunboat sunk by the Japanese O Germany violated Treaty of Versailles O Marched into Rhineland, built up military, annexed Austria, Sudetenland O Munich Conference O Gave Germany the Sudetenland, Hitler “promised” not to take over more land O Appeasement

10. Hitler’s Belligerency and US Neutrality O August 23, 1939 – Germany-Soviet Non-aggression Pact O September 1, 1939 – invasion of Poland O Britain and France need weapons… O Neutrality Act of 1939 O European democracies could buy weapons on a “cash-and-carry” basis O US is no longer truly “neutral”

11. The Fall of France O June 1940, France falls to Hitler O England stood alone O US began building its military O September 6, 1940: first peace-time conscription law O Havana Conference (1940): O US and L.A. would uphold Monroe Doctrine

12. Bolstering Britain with the Destroyer Deal (1940) O Germany bombed England in preparation of invasion O “Fortress of America” or help to Britain? O Committee to Defend America: O Favored aiding allies O America First Committee: O Against American involvement O September 1940, Roosevelt gave Britain ships from WWI in return for bases O Most Americans favored “all aid short of war”

13. FDR Shatters the Two-Term Tradition O Wendell Willkie v. FDR O Condemned the New Deal and FDR “Dictatorship” O FDR won 449 - 82

14. Congress Passes the Lend- Lease Law O What was it? O March 1941 O Send supplies to victims of aggression O “Billions not bodies” O Seen as a economic declaration of war O Officially marked the end of neutrality O Germany began sinking American ships

15. Hitler’s Assault on the Soviet Union…. O June 22, 1941: Operation Barbarossa O Atlantic Conference: O Roosevelt and Churchill meet O Outlined goals for postwar world O No territorial exchanges O New League of Nations

16. US Destroyers and Hitler’s U- boats Clash O July 1941, Roosevelt decided US ships would escort lend-lease supplies to Iceland O Roosevelt orders a “shoot on sight” policy O November 1941: O Merchant ships could be legally armed

17. Surprise Assault on Pearl Harbor O Late 1940 – 1941: O US enacts embargoes on Japan and freezes assets in the US O December 7, 1941: O A day “that will live in infamy” O 3,000 casualties

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