1. Unit 4: Classical

2. Review On a piece of paper, use your own words to define: Key Chord
Note why/how chords an important part of the classical period
Modulation
Tonic
Dominant
Volunteers to teach the class how all the terms are related!
If you teach well, I will START class with your requested tunes!

3. Sonata Form Exposition: Development: Recapitulation:
Form: The way music is organized
Previous examples?
Ritornello
Exposition:
Motive stated, creates a theme
Second motive stated, usually in new key (V, not I)
Development:
Motive transformed, provides contrast, lots of keys.
Recapitulation:
Return to original ideas from exposition
Sometimes ended with a cadenza (solo) or coda (special “tag”)

4. Best Love Song: T-pain Use of modulation for added emphasis!
Thanks to Classical Music theory FINALLY standardizing chords to be three-note patterns and labeling each chord within one key, the same harmonic patterns are able to be easily transferred to new keys!
When the song is in C, it uses:
C, Em, D.
When the song modulates to the key of D, it uses:
D, F#m, E.
Both keys can be easily labeled as:
I, iii, II (sometimes called V/V, but that is advanced music theory!)

5. *Paramore*: CrushCrushCrush Form inspired by Sonata-type ideas!
“Verse” – catchy motives make a theme (first idea in exposition) “I’ve got a lot to say to you…”
“Refrain” – like the transition (second idea in exposition, called the bridge, uses different chords ) “They taped over your mouth…”
“Chorus” – second set of motives, making a second theme. “Nothing compares to…”
(Second “verse, refrain, chorus” –like a repeat of the entire exposition) “if you want to play it like a game… they taped over your mouth…Nothing compares to”
“Bridge” – Almost like a Development, because you do not hear the original motive. (It is contrasting, new materials) “Rock and roll, baby”
Returning to the chorus (and repeating it) at the end (“nothing compares to…” ) is almost like a recapitulation: restating a well-known motive to bring closure to the piece!

6. THE POINT IS:
FORM (organizing music in a distinct, repetative way) is an important concept that we still use!
Sonata Form was one of the earliest and was certainly the most popular FORM for many, many years!

7. Mozart: Symphony No 40 in Gm, mvt I listening guide

8. Summary! Modulation Exposition Development Recapitulation
Changing key. Used to help organize sonata form
Exposition
The first part of Sonata form. Uses motives to develop two themes in different keys (usually tonic and dominant)
Development
The second part of Sonata form. Provides contrast by breaking down and transforming the motives (in MANY different keys)
Recapitulation
Return to the exposition, restating original theme