1. The North Hindustani – Northern tradition But influenced by Islamic values Music as sensual pleasure (dangerous) Low status of musicians Guilds & professionalization oral transmission (secrecy) Master (Ustad) Tansen – court musician of North

2. The South Karnatak/Carnatic – Southern tradition Traditional Hindu values Association w/ Rig-Veda - high status of musicians - vocal music most highly valued No secrecy = written composition Master (Guru) Tayagaraja (amateur)

3. Kriti (Karnatak Song) Opens w/ short Alap Pallavi in Adi Tal (4 + 2 + 2) - Mridangam enters - Singer begins in mid-cycle (between 2 + 3) Anupallavi - shift to new text (“Tuntavinti”) Caranam - return to Pallavi w/ new text - improvisation (some on note names)

4. Ghazal North Indian Tradition (from 12 th century) Urdu/Persian origin (10 th century or earlier) “Light entertainment” Love Poetry in couplets Use of Harmonium (English missionary influence, cf., major/minor shifts)

5. World Map (Physical Features)

6. The World

7. Eurasia

8. Iran & Middle East

9. FOUNDATIONS of ISLAM “Islam” = “Surrender to God” Prophet – Muhammad (d. 632) His preaching accepted as early as 622 Emphasis on: - individual’s relationship to God - human relations in society Islamic law governs all aspects of life (no distinction between secular and sacred)

10. BASIC TENETS of the FAITH Qu’ran (Koran) – revealed word of God Belief in single, monotheistic God Belief in angels (agents of God) Belief in prophets (Muhammand follows line from Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus...) Belief in a final “Day of Judgement”