1. DNA Structure/Function

2. RECALL … 4 classes of macromolecules –Carbohydrates –Lipids –Proteins –NUCLEIC ACIDS!!! –Subunit: NUCLEOTIDES

3. Nucleic Acid Examples DNA – deoxyriboNUCLEIC ACID (de – without, oxy – oxygen, ribo – ribose sugar) Store and pass genetic information RNA – riboNUCLEIC ACID Protein synthesis Subunits of DNA/RNA: nucleotides

4. DNA Very longVery long thin molecule made up of linked nucleotides Double stranded helix –Twisted ladder Determines traits of EVERY LIVING ORGANISM

5. Nucleotide Structure 3 parts –Sugar (deoxyribose or ribose) –Phosphate (P with oxygens attached) –Nitrogen base Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine

6. Nucleotide Structure 2 classes of nucleotides –Purines Adenine Guanine –Pyrimidines Thymine Guanine

7. Nitrogen Base Pairing Adenine Thymine 4-eva Guanine Cytosine

8. Nitrogen Base Pairing Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine = Hydrogen Bond

9. Nitrogen Base Pairing Adenine Thymine CytosineGuanine ThymineAdenine CytosineGuanine AdenineThymine Guanine Cytosine = Hydrogen Bond

10. Nitrogen Base Pairing Adenine Thymine CytosineGuanine ThymineAdenine CytosineGuanine AdenineThymine Guanine Cytosine

12. 3  5 Each Strand has Opposite Orientations 5  3

13. Compl-e-ment – complement –To complete, finish, or fill something up NOT this kind… Compl-i-ment - compliment –“You are the coolest student on this planet!”

14. What is the COMPLEMENTARY DNA STRAND? EXAMPLE 1 3’ end 5’ end ATTGACCATTGATAGCCGAATA TAACTGGTAACTATCGGCTTAT EXAMPLE 2 5’ end 3’ end TCTTCGGAACATTAGTCGAGGC AGAAGCCTTGTAATCAGCTCCG

15. The “C”s of Genetics DNA ladder DNA double helix Histones (proteins) with DNA coiled around them CHROMATIN

16. CHROMATID DNA ladder DNA double helix Chromatin Coiled up Chromatin 2 Chromatids

17. CHROMOSOME Chromatin 2 Chromatids 2 Chromatids = 1 Chromosome

18. Centromere Holds sister chromatids together in a chromosome