1. Lipids

2. Include fats, oils, waxes, and steroids –All hydrophobic Consist of 1 glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acids. –Glycerol is an alcohol –Fatty acid is a hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at one end

4. Lipids Functions –Energy Storage – 1g of any lipid releases 9 calories –Structural – Phospholipids, cholesterol –Endocrine – some steroids are hormones 2 types of lipids –Saturated fats –Unsaturated fats

5. Saturated Fats Generally, saturated fats come from animals. Contain only single bonds between the carbon atoms Solid at room temperature Linked to heart disease when eaten in large quantities Ex. Butter

6. Unsaturated Fats Generally extracted from plants Liquid at room temp. Considered to be good dietary fats. Contain at least 1 double bond between the carbon atoms. –Formed by removing hydrogen Cis vs. trans fatty acids

8. Steroids Do not have the same structure as other lipids Act as hormones in the human body. Ex. Testosterone, Estradiol

9. Phospholipids Contain glycerol, 2 fatty acids, and a phosphate group. Important in the structural component of cell membranes. Has hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions. –Phosphate group is hydrophilic –Fatty Acids are hydrophobic

11. Nucleic Acids

12. 2 types –Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) –Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Carry all of the hereditary information Composed of nucleotides –Phosphate, 5-carbon sugar, nitrogen base

13. Nucleic Acid 5-Carbon Sugar –Either Ribose or Deoxyribose Nitrogen Base –Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine (DNA), Uracil (RNA) –A-T, C-G, A-U (RNA)