1. Nucleic Acids

2. Nucleic Acids Macromolecules made up of nucleotide subunits
Found in all living things and viruses
Two most common are:
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Ribonucleuic acid (RNA)

3. Nucleotides Consists of Purine: the nitrogenous base is double ring
A phosphate group
A pentose (5 C sugar)
A nitrogenous base
Purine: the nitrogenous base is double ring
Pyrimidine: the nitrogenous base is single ring

4. Nucleic Acid Strands
Nucleotides bond together through dehydration synthesis
Phosphate group of one nucleotide and the sugar on the next nucleotide

5. DNA
Used for carrying hereditary information and the recipe for making proteins.
Contains deoxyribose
Has four different nucleotides
Adenine and Guanine are purines
Cytosine and Thymine are pyrimidines.

6. DNA Structure The shape of DNA is a double helix
Two nucleotide strands run anti-parallel to each other
Looks like a twisted ladder
The sugar and phosphate groups make up the sides
The nitrogenous bases make up the rungs.
Nitrogenous bases held together by hydrogen bonds

7. Complimentary Base Pairing
A always binds with T
They can both make 2 hydrogen bonds
C always binds with G
They can both make 3 hydrogen bonds

8. RNA Single stranded Generally shorter than DNA
Uses Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Uracil instead of Thymine
Contains ribose (instead of deoxyribose)

9. Three Types of RNA Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Transports the “message” of DNA from the nucleus to the ribosome

10. Three Types of RNA Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Brings amino acids to the ribosome to be incorporated into the newly forming polypeptide chain

11. Three Types of RNA Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Makes up a part of ribosomes, which makes proteins