1. DNA "The Blueprint of Life"

3. DNA stands for... DeoxyriboNucleic Acid

4. DNA FACTS ● established by James Watson and Francis Crick ● Shape of a double helix

5. ● codes for your genes (traits) ● made of repeating subunits called nucleotides

6. What is a nucleotide? Has three parts: PHOSPHATE DEOXYRIBOSE (sugar) BASE (A,T,G,C) Phosphate Sugar Base

7. Base-Pair Rule Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine The sides of the DNA ladder are phosphate & sugar held together by hydrogen bonds

8. Base Pair Rule One side: A T A T C A T G C G G G Other side:

10. What is the relationship between GENES and DNA?

11. How the Code Works The combination of A,T,G,C determines what traits you might have..... C A T C A T = purple hair T A C T A C = yellow hair

12. Think of the bases of DNA like letters. Letters form words.... Words form sentences.... *endless combinations

13. Let's Review What We Know About DNA 1. DNA stands for: De _____ ribo ______ acid 2. What is the shape of DNA? ______________ 3. Who established the structure of DNA? ____________ and ______________ 4. Adenine always pairs with _______________ 5. The sides of the DNA ladder are deoxyribose and _______________

14. 6. Guanine always pairs with _____________ 7. What is the complementary sequence: C A T T A G 8. The two sides of DNA are held together by _______ bonds. 9. DNA is composed of repeating subunits called ______________________ 10. What are the 4 bases that make up the rungs of the DNA ladder? ____________________

15. DNA REPLICATION the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself (cell division) SEMI-CONSERVATIVE - half of the old strand is saved

17. RNA - the messenger *single strand *ribose sugar *contains no thymine, uracil instead *follows base pair rule, but A ⇒ U DNA: A T A G C G RNA:

18. RNA carries the "message" to the ribosomes, where proteins are made

20. What is a gene? A section of DNA, with many bases that codes for a protein Results in a TRAIT

21. Biology 2A Advanced Section How does DNA make a protein?

22. DNA --> RNA --> Protein Proteins are the building blocks of the organism (traits)

23. Transcription - process where RNA is made from DNA Translation - process where proteins are made from RNA