1. Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 17 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis 17.1 Components of Nucleic Acids 1

2. Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids are molecules that store information for cellular growth and reproduction deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) large molecules consisting of long chains of monomers called nucleotides found in the cell nucleus 2

3. Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Nucleic Acids The nucleic acids DNA and RNA consist of monomers called nucleotides that consist of a pentose sugar base phosphate 3 nucleotide

4. Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Bases The bases in DNA and RNA are pyrimidines C, T, and U purines A and G 4

5. Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Bases in DNA and RNA DNA contains the bases Cytosine (C) Guanine (G) same in both DNA and RNA Adenine (A) Thymine (T)different in DNA than in RNA RNA contains the bases Cytosine (C) Guanine (G) same in both DNA and RNA Adenine (A) Uracil (U) different in RNA than in DNA 5

6. Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Pentose Sugars The pentose (five-carbon) sugar in RNA is ribose in DNA is deoxyribose, with no O atom on carbon 2' has carbon atoms numbered with primes to distinguish them from the atoms in the bases 6

7. Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Nucleosides A nucleoside is a combination of a sugar and base has a base linked by a glycosidic bond to C1′ of a sugar (ribose or deoxyribose) is named by changing the base ending to -osine for purines and -idine for pyrimidines 7

8. Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Nucleosides A base forms an N-glycosidic bond with a ribose or deoxyribose sugar to form a nucleoside. 8

9. Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Nucleotides A nucleotide is formed when the phosphate group on C5′ in the nucleoside group bonds to −OH on C5′ of a ribose or deoxyribose sugar is named using the name of the nucleoside, followed by 5′-monophosphate 9

10. Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Nucleotides The nucleotides of RNA are identical to those of DNA, except in DNA the sugar is deoxyribose and deoxythymidine replaces uridine. 10

11. Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Components in DNA and RNA 11

12. Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Naming Nucleosides and Nucleotides Nucleosides that contain a purine end with osine that contain a pyrimidine end with idine of DNA add deoxy to the beginning of their name Corresponding nucleotides in RNA and DNA are named by adding -5'-monophosphate. Abbreviations for bases A, G, C, U, and T are often used in respective nucleosides and nucleotides. 12

13. Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Nucleosides and Nucleotides in DNA, RNA 13

14. Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Check Give the name and abbreviation for the following and list its base and sugar. 14

15. Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. Solution Give the name and abbreviation for the following and list its base and sugar. The name of this nucleotide is Guanosine-59-monophosphate (GMP) Deoxyguanosine-59-monophosphate (dGMP) 15