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Ions and Oxidation Numbers

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Presentation on theme: "Ions and Oxidation Numbers"— Presentation transcript:

1 Ions and Oxidation Numbers
Periodic Table Ions and Oxidation Numbers

2 Ions and Oxidation Numbers: At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to:
Identify an ion as a cation, anion, monatomic or polyatomic Explain the charge of an ion Define an oxidation number List the standard oxidation number for every element on the periodic table Determine the oxidation numbers in a compound or ion

3 Ions An ion is an atom, or group of atoms, that has a net positive or negative charge.

4 The slightly overweight guy wished he was…
Tin - Sn

5 Cation – ion with a positive charge
If a neutral atom loses one or more electrons it becomes a cation. Na 11 protons 11 electrons Na+ 11 protons 10 electrons

6 Anion – ion with a negative charge
If a neutral atom gains one or more electrons it becomes an anion. Cl 17 protons 17 electrons Cl- 17 protons 18 electrons

7 - Cation an ion with a positive charge. Anion
an ion with a Negative charge. - A I O N

8 A monatomic ion contains only one atom
Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, O2-, Al3+, N3- A polyatomic ion contains more than one atom OH-, CN-, NH4+, NO3-

9 Questions about teenage men answered by teenage women!!!
Q: How do you keep your boyfriend from reading your ? A: Rename the folder - 'Instruction Manuals'  

10 How many protons and electrons are in
Do You Understand Ions? How many protons and electrons are in Al 27 13 ? 3+ 13 protons, 10 (13 – 3) electrons How many protons and electrons are in Se 78 34 2- ? 34 protons, 36 (34 + 2) electrons

11 2.5

12

13 Oxidation Numbers The charge the atom would have in a molecule (or an ionic compound) if electrons were completely transferred to the more electronegative atom. Metal ions in Family 1, 2, 3, and 13 have one, positive oxidation number; Group 1 metals are +1, Group 2 metals are +2, Groups 3 and 13 metals are Li+, Li = +1; Mg2+, Mg = +2 Sc3+, Sc = +3; Al3+, Al = +3

14 Oxidation Numbers (cont.)
The oxidation number of a transition metal ion is positive, but can vary in magnitude. Mostly 2+. Why? Nonmetals can have a variety of oxidation numbers, both positive and negative numbers which can vary in magnitude. Mostly, however, Group 14 = 4+/-, Group 15 = 3-, Group 16 = 2- and Group 17 = 1-. Why?

15 Oxidation Numbers (cont.)
Free elements (uncombined state) have an oxidation number of zero. Each atom in O2, F2, H2, Cl2, K, or Be for example has the same oxidation number: zero.

16 Mopping Made Easy!!

17 Assigning Oxidation Numbers

18 Assigning Oxidation Numbers
Alkali Metals = +1

19 Assigning Oxidation Numbers
Alkaline Earth Metals = +2

20 Assigning Oxidation Numbers
Group 13 Boron Group = +3

21 Assigning Oxidation Numbers
Group 15 Nonmetals = -3

22 Assigning Oxidation Numbers
Group 16 Nonmetals = -2

23 Assigning Oxidation Numbers
Halogens = -1

24 Assigning Oxidation Numbers
Transition and Post Transition Metals generally have multiple oxidation numbers

25

26 15 Helpful Hints On The Lab Report from Mr. T’s Vast Lab Experience!!!
Hint #2. Experiments must be reproducible. They should fail the same way each time. 26

27 The oxidation number of fluorine is always –1
The oxidation number of fluorine is always –1. (unless fluorine is in elemental form, F2) The sum of the oxidation numbers of all the atoms in a molecule or ion is equal to the charge on the molecule or ion. Example: IF; F= -1; Therefore I = +1 The oxidation number of hydrogen is +1 except when it is bonded to metals in binary compounds. In these cases, its oxidation number is –1 or when it’s in elemental form (H2; oxidation # = 0). HF; F= -1, H= +1 NaH; Na= +1, H = -1

28 Oxidation numbers of all the atoms in HCO3- ?
The oxidation number of oxygen is usually –2. In H2O2 and O22- it is –1, in elemental form (O2 or O3) it is 0. H2O; H=+1, O= SO3; O = -2, S = +6 HCO3- Oxidation numbers of all the atoms in HCO3- ? O = -2 H = +1 3x(-2) ? = -1 C = +4

29 Oxidation numbers of all the elements in the following ?
IF7 F = -1 7x(-1) + ? = 0 I = +7

30 Ions and Oxidation Numbers: Let’s see if you can:
Identify an ion as a cation, anion, monatomic or polyatomic Explain the charge of an ion Define an oxidation number List the standard oxidation number for every element on the periodic table Determine the oxidation numbers in a compound or ion

31 What the police did with the underage drinking parties!
Radium - Ra

32 An atom has 14 protons, 18 electrons and 20 neutrons. The element is …
Si Mg Ar Si4- Si4+ Ar4- Ar4+

33 An atom has 15 protons, 10 electrons and 17 neutrons
An atom has 15 protons, 10 electrons and 17 neutrons. What element is it? Ne P Ne5+ P5+ Ne5- P5-

34 How many total electrons does the following ion have F-
One Two Seven Eight Nine Ten 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

35 Na+ is called a(n) Cation Anion Polyatomic ion Monatomic ion Ion 1 2 3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

36 NO- is called a(n) Cation Anion Polyatomic ion Monatomic ion Ion 1 2 3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

37 How many total electrons does the following ion have O2-
One Two Seven Eight Nine Ten 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

38 How many total electrons does the following ion have Mg2+
One Two Seven Eight Nine Ten 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

39 What is the general oxidation number for Zn, z = 30?
1+ 2+ 3+ 3- 2- 1- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

40 What is the general oxidation number for Cl, z = 17?
1+ 2+ 3+ 3- 2- 1- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

41 What is the general oxidation number for Cu, z = 29?
1+ 2+ 3+ 3- 2- 1- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

42 What is the general oxidation number for U, z = 92?
1+ 2+ 3+ 3- 2- 1- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

43 Oxidation numbers of all the elements in the following ?
K2Cr2O7 O = -2 K = +1 7x(-2) + 2x(+1) + 2x(?) = 0 Cr = +6

44 Oxidation numbers of all the elements in the following ?
NaIO3 Na = +1 O = -2 3x(-2) ? = 0 I = +5

45 Doormat Fun

46 Which of the following is isoelectronic to Na+?
Al-3 Mg+ Ne 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

47 Which of the following is isoelectronic to Na+?
Al+3 Mg+ Ne + 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

48 N3- is a(n)? anion cation diatomic molecule polyatomic ion 1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

49 NH4+ is a(n)? anion cation diatomic molecule polyatomic ion 1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

50 Na+ is a(n)? anion cation diatomic molecule polyatomic ion 1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

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