1. UNIT 1: A CHANGING WORLD

2. CHAPTER 1: Expanding Horizons Section 1:

3. MARCO POLO Italian merchant who wrote of his travels through Asia in the 1200s Inspired European Exploration

5. MIDDLE AGES (500-1500) Crusades Wars between Christians & Muslims Increased European demand for Asian goods

7. Problems with East-West Trade Europe looks to bypass expensive Italy & Arab cities to trade directly with Asia Strong monarchs take power of European nations—seek more wealth

9. TECHNOLOGICAL HELP More Accurate maps Better Navigation Tools Improved Ship design

10. REASONS FOR EXPLORATION 1)Europe’s increased desire for Asian goods 2)Nation’s (monarchs) pursuit of wealth & power 3)New technology supported sailing

11. COLUMBUS Sailed for Spain’s Monarchy Gold & Christianity Settled Hispaniola [Haiti/Dominican Republic]

12. DE LAS CASAS Spanish priest settled in Hispaniola Wrote about & condemned cruel treatment of Natives by Spanish

13. READING QUESTIONS 1)What countries make up Hispaniola? 2) What are the similarities between Las Casas & Columbus’s description of the Indians (Tainos)? 3) Why does Las Casas say the Spanish killed Tainos? 4) Why does Columbus say he didn’t fortify the area? 5) What do Columbus & his men do with 1500 Tainos in the year 1495? 6) What do you think about the Spanish treatment of the Indians? Justifiable?

15. European Explorers PORTUGAL—Prince Henry—created a center for exploration--1420 PORTUGAL—Vasco de Gama—reached India by sailing around southern Africa

18. SPANISH CONQUISTADORS Spanish explorers/conquerors of the Americas in the 1500s Search for Treasure for Spanish crown

19. CORTES MEXICO AZTEC EMPIRE Destroys capital of Tenochtitlan-1521

20. Tenochtitlan

21. MEXICO CITY

23. Pizarro PERU Conquered INCAN EMPIRE- 1532

24. CUSCO

25. NAZCA LINES

27. MACHU PICCHU

28. How Spanish Conquered: 1) Brought Guns & Cannons 2) Rode Horses 3) Indians lacked immunity to diseases

29. SPANISH FLORIDA SEARCH FOR GOLD Ponce de Leon— 1565—St. Augustine— First Spanish settlement in United States

30. Spanish Empire in Americas Established Pueblos (towns), Missions (churches) & Presidios (forts)

31. NORTHWEST PASSAGE Direct water route through Americas to Asia ENGLAND—CABOT—1497—NEWFOUNDLAND FRANCE—CARTIER—1534--ST LAWRENCE RIVER NETHERLANDS—HUDSON—1609—Hudson Bay, NY

32. England vs. Spain--1588 TRADE RIVALRY BRITISH RAIDS ON SPANISH SHIPS/PORTS SPANISH ARMADA DEFEATED BY ENGLAND