1. 18.2 The Spanish-American War (1898)
IDENTIFY: The causes and key events of the war
UNDERSTAND: How the US acquired Spanish colonies.

3. WHAT WERE THE CAUSES OF THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR?
Jose Martí leading fight for Cuban independence from Spain
Spanish General Valeriano Weyler cracks down on Cuba, creates “concentration camps,” thousands die of hunger & disease
De Lome Letter: criticizes Pres. McKinley
The explosion of the USS Maine Feb. 15, 1898
Hearst and Pulitzer’s US papers fuel war fever with yellow journalism (Remington images)
“You give me the pictures I’ll give you the war”

5. USS Maine before…

6. …USS Maine after

7. Why did McKinley call for war with Spain?
Popular
Business interests
Spanish “despotism”
Yellow Press/jingoism
Maine Incident

8. Timeline of Spanish-American War
February 15, 1898
April 20, 1898
May 1, 1898
July 25, 1898
August 12, 1898
February 6, 1899

9. Timeline of Spanish-American War
February 15, 1898
Battleship Maine mysteriously explodes and sinks near the Cuban coast, 260 Americans die
April 20, 1898
United States goes to war with Spain
May 1, 1898
Admiral Dewey steams into Manila Bay and destroys Spanish fleet
July 25, 1898
United States troops invade Puerto Rico
August 12, 1898
United States and Spain sign armistice (cease fire)
February 6, 1899
Senate passes Treaty of Paris

11. Spanish-American War
Q: Who had the advantage at the beginning of the war?
A: Spain had more soldiers and a bigger navy
Q: How did the Philippines become involved?
A: UNDER-Secretary Teddy Roosevelt ordered Commodore George Dewey to attack Manila

12. Who are the Rough Riders?
regiment of American volunteers , including cowboys, polo players, ex-convicts, college athletes…and Teddy Roosevelt
Why are they historically significant?

13. “Rough Riders” http://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/1898/img/grprord.jpg

14. Who is missing from this picture?
Charge of San Juan Hill Historical Significance: Establishes reputation of TR and the United States as a world power.
Painting by Frederic Remington
Who is missing from this picture?

15. Buffalo Soldiers

16. OUTCOMES p. 534 379 US combat deaths, 5000+ deaths from disease
Treaty of Paris of 1898:
-Cuba “freed” (Platt Amendment)
-Guam and Puerto Rico are US possessions
-Philippines purchased for $20 million then
annexed to US
Increase in American prestige abroad

17. What were the arguments against expanding America’s empire?
Violate our own fundamental beliefs
Competition for American labor

18. 18.3: Acquiring New Lands
OBJECTIVE: Understand how US imperialism developed and how the US acquired Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines

19. The US in Puerto Rico Luis Munoz Rivera (La Democrazia)
Had gained limited self rule from Spain in 1897
US government makes no promises about their future during the war with Spain
No real agreement as to what they wanted
Independence?
Statehood?
Combination of both?
The Foraker Act: set terms of relationship. No citizenship and the US President could appoint governor

20. Cuba Becomes a Protectorate
The Teller Amendment: no intent to annex or control Cuba
The Platt Amendment: Us insists that it be added to their new Constitution
No treaties that might limit Cuban Independence
The US can intervene to maintain order
Cuba can not go into debt
The US can buy or lease land in Cuba for naval and coaling stations
PROTECTORATE? Why?

21. MOTIVATING IDEAS OF IMPERIALISM
ALTRUISM
COMMERCE
RACIAL SUPERIORITY
NATIONAL HONOR
“And one night it came to me this way-I don’t know how it was, but it came: (1) that we could not give them back to Spain – that would be cowardly and dishonorable; (2) that we could not turn them over to France or Germany-our commercial rivals in the Orient that would be bad business and discreditable; (3) that we could not leave them to themselves – the were unfit for self-government and they would soon have anarchy and misrule over there worse than Spain’s was; and (4) that there was nothing left for us to do but to take them all, and to educate they Filipinos, and uplift and civilize and Christianize them, and by God’s grace do the very best we could by them, as our fellowmen for whom Christ also died. And then I went to bed, and went to sleep and slept soundly.”
-President McKinley; reflecting on what to do with the Philippines after the Spanish American war.

22. The Philippine revolt
Emilio Aguinaldo: proclaims independence in January 1899 by February armed revolt had begun
US “concentration” camps
70,000 US soldiers many “buffalo” soldiers
Problem?

23. Results and aftermath
3 years 20,000 rebels and 4,000 American lives lost
400 Million dollars (20x the price paid)
Same government as Puerto Rico
Taft governor of Island for 3 years
POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE?

24. China and the open door
Philippines were a gateway to China HOWEVER European powers had already carved China into Spheres of Influence
US Secretary of State John Hay issues a series of statements called the OPEN DOOR NOTES
open access to china’s coastal ports
Eliminate special priveliges for any trading nation
Maintain China’s Independence