1. Sex Differences in Forms of Aggression Presented By: Kristin Kelton, Samantha Eisner, and Adam Jackson

2. Background of Adolescent Aggression There is a negative impact of school violence and aggression within schools, which directly effect the quality of education

3. Ghana’s History of Aggression in Schools Aggression on school campus’s are on the rise Ghana’s religious groups want to take over schools because of the corruption and violence that has taken place on school campus’s –6 students were caught and arrested with weapons on person –Numerous fights causing bodily injury –Males are in the most reported cases of violent acts Aggression on school campus’s are on the rise Ghana’s religious groups want to take over schools because of the corruption and violence that has taken place on school campus’s –6 students were caught and arrested with weapons on person –Numerous fights causing bodily injury –Males are in the most reported cases of violent acts

4. Types of Aggression within the Different Sexes Indirect: –No direct contact but they use a third party, also known as social aggression –Girls use more indirect aggression than boys Direct: –Any act of aggression that is face-to-face either physically or verbally –Boys use more direct aggression –Indirect (girls) and direct (boys) are constant within every culture Indirect: –No direct contact but they use a third party, also known as social aggression –Girls use more indirect aggression than boys Direct: –Any act of aggression that is face-to-face either physically or verbally –Boys use more direct aggression –Indirect (girls) and direct (boys) are constant within every culture

5. Videos http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= 2vwxAVZ6fJ4http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= 2vwxAVZ6fJ4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= bfJUq4q3m6shttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v= bfJUq4q3m6s http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= 2vwxAVZ6fJ4http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= 2vwxAVZ6fJ4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= bfJUq4q3m6shttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v= bfJUq4q3m6s

6. Assessing Aggression Conflict between assessing aggression –Self reporting: aggression that is assessed by oneself less accurate: girls are less likely to assess themselves properly –Peer reporting: aggression that is assessed by a peer Conflict between assessing aggression –Self reporting: aggression that is assessed by oneself less accurate: girls are less likely to assess themselves properly –Peer reporting: aggression that is assessed by a peer

7. Study with Reporting Aggression Purpose: to find different forms of aggression between sexes Measures indirect and direct forms of aggression –800 students were selected, 400 were males and 400 were females –Random and non-random selection were used –Physical aggression was greater than verbal aggression in Males Purpose: to find different forms of aggression between sexes Measures indirect and direct forms of aggression –800 students were selected, 400 were males and 400 were females –Random and non-random selection were used –Physical aggression was greater than verbal aggression in Males

8. Results Indirect aggression –24% of males show indirect aggression –34% of females show indirect aggression Direct aggression –33% of males show direct aggression –23% of females show direct aggression Indirect aggression –24% of males show indirect aggression –34% of females show indirect aggression Direct aggression –33% of males show direct aggression –23% of females show direct aggression

9. Frequent Aggressive Behaviors Males: –Insulting –Teasing –Exchange of blows Females: –Refusing to talk to the person concerned –Gossiping –Verbal exchange Males: –Insulting –Teasing –Exchange of blows Females: –Refusing to talk to the person concerned –Gossiping –Verbal exchange

10. Males Direct –They are conditioned to be tough, therefore they have natural dominating tendencies that lead them to violence Direct –They are conditioned to be tough, therefore they have natural dominating tendencies that lead them to violence

11. Females Indirect –They are raised to act in a ladylike manner, thus physical aggression is not permitted –They manipulate their victims Indirect –They are raised to act in a ladylike manner, thus physical aggression is not permitted –They manipulate their victims

12. Critical Analysis Interesting Facts –Motive behind aggression is to gain popularity –The three least common behaviors of aggression are handling firearms, fighting with weapons, fighting with gangs according to the students of Ghana –Most common form of aggression on school campus is insulting Disagree –Counseling- they already have a predisposition towards violence –Secondary schools- they fuel aggression among teens rather than help it (concentrated area) –Peer review for assessing aggression- answers could vary depending on the type of people one hangs out with Interesting Facts –Motive behind aggression is to gain popularity –The three least common behaviors of aggression are handling firearms, fighting with weapons, fighting with gangs according to the students of Ghana –Most common form of aggression on school campus is insulting Disagree –Counseling- they already have a predisposition towards violence –Secondary schools- they fuel aggression among teens rather than help it (concentrated area) –Peer review for assessing aggression- answers could vary depending on the type of people one hangs out with

13. Quiz 1.Which one is not one of the three most frequent aggressive behaviors reported by males? a. Insulting the person concerned b. Refusing to talk to the person concerned c. Teasing d. Exchange of blows 2.Female students reported that the most common behavior of aggression was teasing. T/F 3.The motive behind violence is to gain popularity T/F 4.Direct aggression is the use physical contact towards the person concerned. T/F 5.To give answers on aggression questions based on personal opinion of oneself is: a. Peer reportingb. direct reporting c. indirect reportingd. Self reporting 6.The most common form of aggression reported on school campuses is (both sexes): a. Teasingb. Exchange of blows c. Insultingd. Gossiping 1.Which one is not one of the three most frequent aggressive behaviors reported by males? a. Insulting the person concerned b. Refusing to talk to the person concerned c. Teasing d. Exchange of blows 2.Female students reported that the most common behavior of aggression was teasing. T/F 3.The motive behind violence is to gain popularity T/F 4.Direct aggression is the use physical contact towards the person concerned. T/F 5.To give answers on aggression questions based on personal opinion of oneself is: a. Peer reportingb. direct reporting c. indirect reportingd. Self reporting 6.The most common form of aggression reported on school campuses is (both sexes): a. Teasingb. Exchange of blows c. Insultingd. Gossiping

14. Answers 1.B 2.False- gossiping, verbal exchange, refusing to talk to the person concerned. Teasing is too indirect. 3.True 4.True 5.D 6.C 1.B 2.False- gossiping, verbal exchange, refusing to talk to the person concerned. Teasing is too indirect. 3.True 4.True 5.D 6.C

15. Discussion Topics Who is more violent men or women? Why? How do males aggression differ from women? Do you think sending violent students to secondary schools helps the students or promotes more violence among students? Who is more violent men or women? Why? How do males aggression differ from women? Do you think sending violent students to secondary schools helps the students or promotes more violence among students?